Rolão Andreia, Monteiro-Grillo Isabel, Camilo Maria Ermelinda, Ravasco Paula
Laboratório de Nutrição/Unidade de Nutrição, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
Acta Med Port. 2011 Dec;24 Suppl 2:113-22. Epub 2011 Dec 31.
Cancer aetiology is multifactorial and risk factors include: obesity, central adiposity, sedentarism, excessive or deficient intake of foods and/or nutrients with pro-carcinogenic effects vs protective ones.
To evaluate the pattern of nutritional status, life styles, physical activity and diet in a cohort of cancer patients.
This pilot cross-sectional study was conducted in 64 patients referred for radiotherapy at the Radiotherapy Department of the University Hospital of Santa Maria (CHLN). Evaluations were: waist circumference associated with potential cardio-metabolic risk, body composition by Tetrapolar Bioimpedance Analysis (XITRON®), Body Mass Index, dietary intake pattern with a short food frequency questionnaire, physical activity with Jackson questionnaire.
The most frequent diagnosis were breast and colorectal cancers; 53% of patients were overweight/obese, and there was a significant correlation between this nutritional pattern and weight gain in comparison with usual weight (p<0.005). There were 78% of patients with a waist circumference above the maximum cut-off limit, indicating moderate/ high cardio-metabolic risk, and most were female patients (87%). The great majority of patients (61%) had excessive fat mass highly above the maximum recommended cut-off value, especially male patients (74%). The dietary pattern was poor in vegetables (55%) and excessive in meat and simple carbohydrates (78%); physical activity was low with a high prevalence of sedentarism.
This population presented excessive body weight, excessive fat mass, high cardio-metabolic risk, sedentarism and an unbalanced diet poor in protective foods/nutrients. This population's life styles and nutritional pattern, may be considered of risk in oncology disease. The elevated and growing incidence of cancer in Portugal, reinforces the need for further research in order to identify nutritional factors involved in the etiology/evolution and probably prognosis of cancer.
癌症病因是多因素的，风险因素包括：肥胖、中心性肥胖、久坐不动、具有促癌作用与保护作用的食物和/或营养素摄入过多或不足。
评估一组癌症患者的营养状况、生活方式、身体活动和饮食模式。
这项初步横断面研究在圣玛丽亚大学医院（CHLN）放疗科转诊接受放疗的64例患者中进行。评估内容包括：与潜在心血管代谢风险相关的腰围、通过四极生物电阻抗分析（XITRON®）测定的身体成分、体重指数、使用简短食物频率问卷评估的饮食摄入模式、使用杰克逊问卷评估的身体活动。
最常见的诊断是乳腺癌和结直肠癌；53%的患者超重/肥胖，与正常体重相比，这种营养模式与体重增加之间存在显著相关性（p<0.005）。78%的患者腰围超过最大截断值，表明存在中度/高度心血管代谢风险，且大多数为女性患者（87%）。绝大多数患者（61%）的脂肪量过高，远超最大推荐截断值，尤其是男性患者（74%）。饮食模式中蔬菜摄入量低（55%），肉类和简单碳水化合物摄入量过高（78%）；身体活动水平低，久坐不动的患病率高。
该人群体重超标、脂肪量过多、心血管代谢风险高、久坐不动且饮食不均衡，缺乏保护性食物/营养素。该人群的生活方式和营养模式可能被视为肿瘤疾病的风险因素。葡萄牙癌症发病率不断上升，这加强了进一步开展研究以确定参与癌症病因/发展以及可能预后的营养因素的必要性。
