Correia Jerónima, Ravasco Paula
Laboratório de Nutrição da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa e Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria, Avenida Prof, Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal.
Nutr J. 2014 Dec 16;13(1):117. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-117.
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Depression may lead to obesity, just as obesity can contribute to the disease; yet, changes in the dietary pattern and food habits in depressive syndromes have been scantily investigated. We aimed to identify possible associations between nutritional factors and depressive disorder.
This cross sectional study included 127 consecutive ambulatory adult patients with depression (DSM-IV), under psychiatric treatment. All study parameters were classified according to sex & age: BMI, waist circumference, %fat mass, food intake & physical activity.
Patients' mean age was 48 ± 13 (18-81) yrs, 94% were women. Overweight/obesity was found in 72% of the cohort, 72% had excessive fat mass & 69% had a waist circumference above the maximum cut-off value. Longer disease was associated with higher BMI +%fat mass, p < 0.003. Weight gain during illness was registered in 87%; just 12% lost weight, though undernutrition did not occur. Weight gain and greater fat mass were related with higher BMI, p = 0.002. The pattern of food intake was poor, monotonous and inadequate in 59% of patients; there was also a regular consumption of hypercaloric foods by 78% pts. Overall, the usual diet was associated with weight gain, p = 0.002. Antidepressants (75%) and benzodiazepines (72%) were prevalent; these drugs were associated with weight gain, p = 0.01; 80% pts did not practice any physical activity.
There was a positive association with overweight/obesity: a striking & clinically worrying prevalence of high fat mass, abdominal fat, weight gain, poor nutritional intake and sedentarism. This unhealthy pattern points towards the need of a multidisciplinary approach to promote healthy lifestyles that may help depressive disorder management.
抑郁症可能导致肥胖，正如肥胖也会促使该疾病的发生；然而，抑郁综合征患者饮食模式和饮食习惯的变化却鲜有研究。我们旨在确定营养因素与抑郁症之间可能存在的关联。
这项横断面研究纳入了127例连续接受精神科治疗的门诊成年抑郁症患者（DSM-IV）。所有研究参数均按性别和年龄分类：体重指数（BMI）、腰围、体脂百分比、食物摄入量和身体活动情况。
患者的平均年龄为48±13（18 - 81）岁，94%为女性。该队列中72%的患者超重/肥胖，72%的患者体脂过多，69%的患者腰围超过最大临界值。病程较长与较高的BMI及体脂百分比相关，p < 0.003。87%的患者在患病期间体重增加；只有12%的患者体重减轻，不过未出现营养不良情况。体重增加和更多的体脂与较高的BMI相关，p = 0.002。59%的患者食物摄入模式不佳、单一且不足；78%的患者经常食用高热量食物。总体而言，日常饮食与体重增加相关，p = 0.002。抗抑郁药（75%）和苯二氮䓬类药物（72%）使用普遍；这些药物与体重增加相关，p = 0.01；80%的患者没有进行任何体育活动。
超重/肥胖与之存在正相关：高脂肪量、腹部脂肪、体重增加、营养摄入不佳和久坐不动的情况极为普遍，令人担忧。这种不健康模式表明需要采取多学科方法来促进健康的生活方式，这可能有助于抑郁症的管理。
