Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, 1971 Commonwealth Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Anim Health Res Rev. 2012 Jun;13(1):100-9. doi: 10.1017/S1466252312000084.
The intestinal microbiome has been the subject of study for many decades because of its importance in the health and well being of animals. The bacterial components of the intestinal microbiome have closely evolved as animals have and in so doing contribute to the overall development and metabolic needs of the animal. The microbiome of the pig has been the subject of many investigations using culture-dependent methods and more recently using culture-independent techniques. A review of the literature is consistent with many of the ecologic principles put forth by Rene Dubos. Animals develop an intestinal microbiome over time and space. During the growth and development of the pig, the microbiome changes in composition in a process known as the microbial succession. There are clear and distinct differences in the composition of the pig intestinal microbiome moving from the proximal end of the intestinal tract to the distal end. The majority (>90%) of the bacteria in the pig intestinal microbiome are from two Phyla: Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. However, the ileum has a high percentage of bacteria in the phylum Proteobacterium (up to 40%). Perturbations to the microbiome occur in response to many factors including stresses, treatment with antibiotics, and diet.
肠道微生物组已经成为研究的主题数十年，因为它对动物的健康和福祉至关重要。肠道微生物组的细菌成分随着动物的进化而密切进化，从而为动物的整体发展和代谢需求做出贡献。猪的微生物组已经成为许多使用依赖培养的方法和最近使用非依赖培养的技术进行研究的主题。对文献的综述与 René Dubos 提出的许多生态学原则一致。动物随着时间和空间的推移而发展出肠道微生物组。在猪的生长和发育过程中，微生物组的组成会发生变化，这一过程称为微生物演替。从肠道的近端到远端，猪肠道微生物组的组成有明显而明显的差异。猪肠道微生物组中超过 90%的细菌来自两个门：厚壁菌门和拟杆菌门。然而，回肠中变形菌门（高达 40%）的细菌含量很高。微生物组的紊乱是对许多因素的反应，包括压力、抗生素治疗和饮食。
