Wang Jing, Tong Tiejin, Yu Changqing, Wu Qiang
School of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Yibin Vocational and Technical College, Yibin, China.
Front Vet Sci. 2025 Mar 5;12:1564519. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2025.1564519. eCollection 2025.
Porcine gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the health and productive performance of pigs, influencing nutrient absorption, feed conversion efficiency, and ultimately, production profitability. In addition to being the primary site of digestion, the intestine houses the pig's largest immune organ, where the microbial community is essential for overall well-being. During the piglet stage, the gut microbiota undergoes a dynamic evolution, gradually adapting to the host environment. This plasticity presents opportunities to intervene and optimize its composition from early stages, enhancing animal health and development. Among the key factors in this process, dietary fiber plays a fundamental role, as its fermentation by the gut microbiota directly affects its composition and functionality, particularly in the distal small intestine, colon, and rectum. The short-chain fatty acids produced during this process not only provide continuous energy to intestinal cells but also regulate immune responses, prevent infections, and contribute to the body's homeostasis, promoting healthy growth. Despite advancements in understanding host-microbiota interactions, there is still no clear consensus on the optimal balance of gut microbiota or a precise definition of a healthy microbiota. Current research aims to identify the factors that modulate the gastrointestinal microbiota and its physiological and immune functions. Future findings will aid in developing strategies to restore gut homeostasis after external disruptions, such as stress, antibiotic use, or infections, thereby improving productivity, reducing stress-related impacts, and preventing diseases in pig production.
猪肠道微生物群对猪的健康和生产性能起着至关重要的作用，影响营养物质吸收、饲料转化效率，最终影响生产效益。除了作为主要消化场所外，肠道还是猪最大的免疫器官所在部位，微生物群落对整体健康至关重要。在仔猪阶段，肠道微生物群经历动态演变，逐渐适应宿主环境。这种可塑性为从早期阶段进行干预和优化其组成提供了机会，可增强动物健康和发育。在此过程的关键因素中，膳食纤维起着基础性作用，因为肠道微生物群对其发酵直接影响其组成和功能，尤其是在远端小肠、结肠和直肠。在此过程中产生的短链脂肪酸不仅为肠道细胞提供持续能量，还调节免疫反应、预防感染并有助于身体的内环境稳定，促进健康生长。尽管在理解宿主与微生物群相互作用方面取得了进展，但对于肠道微生物群的最佳平衡或健康微生物群的精确定义仍未达成明确共识。当前研究旨在确定调节胃肠道微生物群及其生理和免疫功能的因素。未来的研究结果将有助于制定策略，在受到压力、抗生素使用或感染等外部干扰后恢复肠道内环境稳定，从而提高生产力、减少压力相关影响并预防猪生产中的疾病。
