Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands.
Pers Soc Psychol Rev. 2013 Feb;17(1):3-21. doi: 10.1177/1088868312453086. Epub 2012 Aug 1.
Previous theory and research primarily address marginal group members on the path to achieve core membership status. The authors argue that these only represent one form of marginality and that there are many other ways to be marginal within the group. The authors develop a dynamic model in which marginality is conceptualized as resulting from group and individual negotiation about inclusion (the Marginality as Resulting From Group and Individual Negotiation About Inclusion [MARGINI] model), and where individual and group inclusion goals can converge (resulting in relatively stable forms of marginality) or diverge (resulting in less stable forms of marginality). When the marginal position is unstable, individuals can either be motivated to move toward or move further away from the group, and such changing inclusion goals are associated with different emotions and behaviors. The authors argue that one needs to understand the interplay between individual and group inclusion goals to predict and explain the full complexity and diversity of the behavior of marginal group members.
先前的理论和研究主要关注处于边缘地位的群体成员，探讨他们如何获得核心成员身份。作者认为，这些研究只代表了边缘化的一种形式，而群体内部还存在许多其他形式的边缘化。作者提出了一个动态模型，将边缘化视为群体和个人对包容的协商的结果（群体和个人对包容的协商导致边缘化模型，即 MARGINI 模型），其中个人和群体的包容目标可以趋同（导致相对稳定的边缘化形式）或发散（导致不稳定的边缘化形式）。当边缘地位不稳定时，个体会受到激励而向群体靠拢或进一步远离群体，而这种不断变化的包容目标与不同的情绪和行为相关联。作者认为，需要理解个人和群体包容目标之间的相互作用，以预测和解释边缘化群体成员行为的全部复杂性和多样性。
