Institute of Biophysics and Nanosystems Research, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Schmiedlstr. 6, 8042, Graz, Austria.
Eur Biophys J. 2012 Oct;41(10):851-61. doi: 10.1007/s00249-012-0843-3. Epub 2012 Aug 2.
The advent of micro/nanotechnology has blurred the border between biology and materials science. Miniaturization of chemical and biological assays, performed by use of micro/nanofluidics, requires both careful selection of the methods of fabrication and the development of materials designed for specific applications. This, in turn, increases the need for interdisciplinary combination of suitable microfabrication and characterisation techniques. In this review, the advantages of combining X-ray lithography, as fabrication technique, with small-angle X-ray scattering measurements will be discussed. X-ray lithography enables the limitations of small-angle X-ray scattering, specifically time resolution and sample environment, to be overcome. Small-angle X-ray scattering, on the other hand, enables investigation and, consequently, adjustment of the nanostructural morphology of microstructures and materials fabricated by X-ray lithography. Moreover, the effect of X-ray irradiation on novel materials can be determined by use of small-angle X-ray scattering. The combination of top-down and bottom-up methods to develop new functional materials and structures with potential in biology will be reported.
微纳技术的出现模糊了生物学和材料科学之间的界限。通过微纳流控技术进行的化学和生物分析的小型化，需要仔细选择制造方法和开发针对特定应用的材料。这反过来又增加了对合适的微制造和特性化技术进行跨学科组合的需求。在这篇综述中，将讨论将 X 射线光刻作为制造技术与小角 X 射线散射测量相结合的优势。X 射线光刻克服了小角 X 射线散射的限制，特别是时间分辨率和样品环境。另一方面，小角 X 射线散射能够研究和调整 X 射线光刻制造的微结构和材料的纳米结构形态。此外，可以使用小角 X 射线散射来确定 X 射线辐照对新型材料的影响。将报道采用自上而下和自下而上的方法来开发具有生物学潜力的新型功能材料和结构。
