Fox Cade B, Chirra Hariharasudhan D, Desai Tejal A
1700 4th Street, Byers Hall 204, Box 2520, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA.
Curr Pharm Biotechnol. 2014;15(7):673-83. doi: 10.2174/1389201015666140915152706.
The oral route is the most convenient and least expensive route of drug administration. Yet, it is accompanied by many physiological barriers to drug uptake including low stomach pH, intestinal enzymes and transporters, mucosal barriers, and high intestinal fluid shear. While many drug delivery systems have been developed for oral drug administration, the physiological components of the gastro intestinal tract remain formidable barriers to drug uptake. Recently, microfabrication techniques have been applied to create micron-scale devices for oral drug delivery with a high degree of control over microdevice size, shape, chemical composition, drug release profile, and targeting ability. With precise control over device properties, microdevices can be fabricated with characteristics that provide increased adhesion for prolonged drug exposure, unidirectional release which serves to avoid luminal drug loss and enhance drug permeation, and protection of a drug payload from the harsh environment of the intestinal tract. Here we review the recent developments in microdevice technology and discuss the potential of these devices to overcome unsolved challenges in oral drug delivery.
口服途径是最方便且成本最低的给药途径。然而，它伴随着许多药物吸收的生理屏障，包括低胃酸pH值、肠道酶和转运体、粘膜屏障以及高肠液剪切力。虽然已经开发了许多用于口服给药的药物递送系统，但胃肠道的生理组成部分仍然是药物吸收的巨大障碍。最近，微制造技术已被应用于制造微米级装置用于口服药物递送，能够高度控制微装置的尺寸、形状、化学成分、药物释放曲线和靶向能力。通过对装置特性进行精确控制，可以制造出具有以下特性的微装置：提供增强的粘附力以延长药物暴露时间、单向释放以避免管腔内药物损失并增强药物渗透，以及保护药物制剂免受肠道恶劣环境的影响。在此，我们综述了微装置技术的最新进展，并讨论了这些装置在克服口服药物递送中未解决挑战方面的潜力。
