Goodman A
Minnesota Institute of Psychiatry, St. Paul 55105.
Br J Addict. 1990 Nov;85(11):1403-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1360-0443.1990.tb01620.x.
Integration of addiction into the theory and practice of psychiatry has been hampered by the lack of a definition of addiction which is scientifically useful. A definition is proposed, with diagnostic criteria specified in a format similar to that of DSM-III-R. Essentially, addiction designates a process whereby a behavior, that can function both to produce pleasure and to provide escape from internal discomfort, is employed in a pattern characterized by (1) recurrent failure to control the behaviour (powerlessness) and (2) continuation of the behaviour despite significant negative consequences (unmanageability). Some practical and theoretical implications of this definition are then explored.
由于缺乏科学有用的成瘾定义，将成瘾纳入精神病学理论与实践的工作受到了阻碍。本文提出了一个定义，并以类似于《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第三版修订本（DSM-III-R）的格式规定了诊断标准。本质上，成瘾指的是这样一个过程：一种既能产生愉悦又能让人逃避内心不适的行为，被用于一种具有以下特征的模式中：（1）反复无法控制该行为（无力感）；（2）尽管存在重大负面后果仍继续该行为（无法自控）。随后探讨了这一定义的一些实际和理论意义。
