Baum A
Department of Medical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799.
Health Psychol. 1990;9(6):653-75. doi: 10.1037//0278-6133.9.6.653.
Discusses the nature of stress in the context of problems with its definition and sources of confusion regarding its usefulness and specificity. Stress can be defined as a negative emotional experience accompanied by predictable biochemical, physiological, and behavioral changes that are directed toward adaptation either by manipulating the situation to alter the stressor or by accommodating its effects. Chronic stress is more complex than most definitions suggest and is clearly not limited to situations in which stressors persist for long periods of time. Responses may habituate before a stressor disappears or may persist long beyond the physical presence of the stressor. This latter case, in which chronic stress and associated biobehavioral changes outlast their original cause, is considered in light of research at Three Mile Island and among Vietnam veterans. The role of intrusive images of the stressor or uncontrollable thoughts about it in maintaining stress is explored.
讨论了压力的本质，涉及到其定义存在的问题以及关于其有用性和特异性的混淆来源。压力可以被定义为一种负面情绪体验，伴随着可预测的生化、生理和行为变化，这些变化旨在通过操纵情境以改变压力源或通过适应其影响来实现适应。慢性压力比大多数定义所表明的更为复杂，显然不限于压力源持续很长时间的情况。在压力源消失之前，反应可能会形成习惯，或者可能在压力源实际存在之后持续很长时间。根据三里岛事件和越南退伍军人中的研究，考虑了后一种情况，即慢性压力和相关的生物行为变化在其最初原因消失后仍然持续。探讨了压力源的侵入性图像或关于它的无法控制的想法在维持压力方面的作用。
