Baum A, Cohen L, Hall M
Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20813.
Psychosom Med. 1993 May-Jun;55(3):274-86. doi: 10.1097/00006842-199305000-00005.
Amidst confusion about the nature and usefulness of the stress construct and distinctions between acute and chronic stress, research has begun to identify mechanisms by which stress affects health and by which stress can persist beyond the physical presence of the stressor. In addition, research has begun to identify reasons for selective vulnerability to chronic stress. One of the possible reasons for chronic stress following traumatic events is the disorganizing effect of loss of control and violation of expectations for regulating aspects of one's life normally under control. Data from a longitudinal study of chronic stress at Three Mile Island in the wake of the nuclear accident there suggest that loss of control and frequent experience of intrusive memories about the accident and its aftermath were related to persistent stress responding several years after the accident. The relationships between stress responding and conditioning and consolidation of stressful memories are considered as a basis for persistent intrusive memories and chronic stress.
在对应激概念的性质和用途以及急性应激与慢性应激之间区别存在困惑的情况下，研究已开始确定应激影响健康的机制以及应激能够在应激源实际存在之后仍持续存在的机制。此外，研究已开始确定对慢性应激选择性易感性的原因。创伤性事件后出现慢性应激的一个可能原因是失去控制以及违背对正常情况下可控的生活方面进行调节的预期所产生的紊乱效应。在三里岛核事故后对慢性应激进行的一项纵向研究的数据表明，失去控制以及频繁经历关于事故及其后果的侵入性记忆与事故发生数年之后持续的应激反应有关。应激反应与应激记忆的条件作用和巩固之间的关系被视为持续性侵入性记忆和慢性应激的基础。
