Marler P
Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis 95616.
Dev Psychobiol. 1990 Nov;23(7):557-68. doi: 10.1002/dev.420230703.
Research on the ways in which different species of birds learn to sing is used to illustrate the necessity of taking innate factors into account in studies of behavioral development. Experiments on two species of songbirds are described that reveal innate species differences in responsiveness to tape-recorded songs. Conspecific songs are favored over those of other species. These patterns of innately varying responsiveness provide a basis for the development, not of stereotyped behavior, but of variable, individually learned behavior. The viewpoint is presented that mechanisms that differ innately from species to species, some with general functions, others specialized for particular ontogenetic assignments, provide the necessary substrates with which experience interacts.
对不同种类鸟类学习唱歌方式的研究，被用于阐明在行为发展研究中考虑先天因素的必要性。文中描述了对两种鸣禽的实验，这些实验揭示了对录制歌曲反应的先天物种差异。同种歌曲比其他物种的歌曲更受青睐。这些先天反应性变化的模式为可变的、个体学习行为的发展提供了基础，而非刻板行为的发展基础。文中提出的观点是，物种间先天不同的机制，有些具有一般功能，有些则专门用于特定的个体发育任务，为经验与之相互作用提供了必要的基础。
