Molecular Nutrition Unit, ZIEL-Research Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences, Technische Universität München (TUM), Gregor-Mendel-Strasse 2, 85350 Freising-Weihenstephan, Germany.
Br J Nutr. 2013 Apr 28;109(8):1518-27. doi: 10.1017/S0007114512003340. Epub 2012 Aug 6.
Diet-induced obesity in mice can be achieved through the use of diets with different macronutrient compositions and textures. We aimed at determining the contribution of macronutrient composition to obesity development and associated pathophysiological changes in mice. C57BL/6N mice were offered a control, a high-fat or a Western-style diet, either as pellet (H for hard) or with identical composition in powder form (S for soft), resulting in C-S, C-H, HF-H, HF-S, W-H and W-S groups, respectively. Body fat distribution, expression levels of selected target genes in adipose tissues, clinical chemistry and hormone concentration in the blood, as well as liver TAG content were measured. The most striking finding was that all mice fed the different powder diets developed obesity with similar weight gain, whereas among the mice fed the pellet diets, only those given the HF and W diets became obese. This allowed us to separate diet-specific effects from obesity-mediated effects. Irrespective of the food texture, the W diet induced a more severe hepatosteatosis and higher activities of serum transaminases compared with the two other diets. Adipose tissue gene expression analysis revealed that leptin and adiponectin levels were not affected by the dietary composition per se, whereas uncoupling protein 1 and 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 levels were decreased by both dietary composition and changes in body weight. In conclusion, diets differing in macronutrient composition elicit specific pathophysiological changes, independently of changes in body weight. A diet high in both fat and sugars seems to be more deleterious for the liver than a HF diet.
通过使用不同宏量营养素组成和质地的饮食，可在小鼠中诱导饮食诱导性肥胖。我们旨在确定宏量营养素组成对肥胖发展和相关病理生理变化的贡献。将 C57BL/6N 小鼠提供对照、高脂肪或西式饮食，无论是作为颗粒（H 表示硬）还是以相同组成的粉末形式（S 表示软），分别得到 C-S、C-H、HF-H、HF-S、W-H 和 W-S 组。测量体脂肪分布、脂肪组织中选定靶基因的表达水平、血液中的临床化学和激素浓度以及肝脏 TAG 含量。最引人注目的发现是，所有喂食不同粉末饮食的小鼠都出现肥胖，体重增加相似，而喂食颗粒饮食的小鼠中，只有喂食 HF 和 W 饮食的小鼠才会肥胖。这使我们能够将饮食特异性影响与肥胖介导的影响分开。无论食物质地如何，与另外两种饮食相比，W 饮食都会引起更严重的肝脂肪变性和更高的血清转氨酶活性。脂肪组织基因表达分析表明，瘦素和脂联素水平本身不受饮食组成的影响，而解偶联蛋白 1 和 11β-羟类固醇脱氢酶 1 水平则受饮食组成和体重变化的双重影响。总之，宏量营养素组成不同的饮食会引起特定的病理生理变化，而与体重变化无关。高脂肪和高糖的饮食似乎比 HF 饮食对肝脏更有害。
