Department of Public Health, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA, Brazil.
BMC Public Health. 2012 Aug 3;12:605. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-12-605.
Few studies have been conducted on the association between perinatal and early life factors with childhood depression and results are conflicting. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence and perinatal and early life factors associated with symptoms of depression in children aged 7 to 11 years from two Brazilian birth cohorts.
The study was conducted on 1444 children whose data were collected at birth and at school age, in 1994 and 2004/2005 in Ribeirao Preto, where they were aged 10-11 years and in 1997/98 and 2005/06 in São Luís, where children were aged 7-9 years. Depressive symptoms were investigated with the Child Depression Inventory(CDI), categorized as yes (score ≥ 20) and no (score < 20). Adjusted and non-adjusted prevalence ratios (PR) were estimated by Poisson regression with robust estimation of the standard errors.
The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 3.9% (95%CI = 2.5-5.4) in Ribeirão Preto and 13.7% (95%CI = 11.0-16.4) in São Luís. In the adjusted analysis, in Ribeirão Preto, low birth weight (PR = 3.98; 95%CI = 1.72-9.23), skilled and semi-skilled manual occupation (PR = 5.30; 95%CI = 1.14-24.76) and unskilled manual occupation and unemployment (PR = 6.65; 95%CI = 1.16-38.03) of the household head were risk factors for depressive symptoms. In São Luís, maternal schooling of 0-4 years (PR = 2.39; 95%CI = 1.31-4.34) and of 5 to 8 years (PR = 1.80; 95%CI = 1.08-3.01), and paternal age <20 years (PR = 1.92; 95%CI = 1.02-3.61), were independent risk factors for depressive symptoms.
The prevalence of depressive symptoms was much higher in the less developed city, São Luís, than in the more developed city, Ribeirão Preto, and than those reported in several international studies. Low socioeconomic level was associated with depressive symptoms in both cohorts. Low paternal age was a risk factor for depressive symptoms in the less developed city, São Luís, whereas low birth weight was a risk factor for depressive symptoms in the more developed city, Ribeirão Preto.
很少有研究探讨围产期和生命早期因素与儿童抑郁症之间的关系，且结果存在争议。我们的目的是估计巴西两个出生队列中 7 至 11 岁儿童抑郁症状的患病率以及与围产期和生命早期因素的关联。
本研究共纳入 1444 名儿童，在 1994 年和 2004/2005 年在里贝朗普雷图（Ribeirao Preto）以及 1997/98 年和 2005/06 年在圣路易斯（Sao Luis）收集了他们出生时和入学时的数据，当时他们的年龄分别为 10-11 岁和 7-9 岁。使用儿童抑郁量表（Child Depression Inventory，CDI）评估抑郁症状，分为阳性（得分≥20）和阴性（得分<20）。通过泊松回归和稳健标准误估计调整和未调整的患病率比（PR）。
里贝朗普雷图的抑郁症状患病率为 3.9%（95%CI=2.5-5.4），圣路易斯的患病率为 13.7%（95%CI=11.0-16.4）。在调整分析中，在里贝朗普雷图，低出生体重（PR=3.98；95%CI=1.72-9.23）、熟练和半熟练体力劳动职业（PR=5.30；95%CI=1.14-24.76）以及非熟练体力劳动职业和失业（PR=6.65；95%CI=1.16-38.03）与户主有关，是抑郁症状的危险因素。在圣路易斯，母亲的受教育年限为 0-4 年（PR=2.39；95%CI=1.31-4.34）和 5-8 年（PR=1.80；95%CI=1.08-3.01），父亲年龄<20 岁（PR=1.92；95%CI=1.02-3.61）是抑郁症状的独立危险因素。
与几项国际研究相比，欠发达城市圣路易斯的抑郁症状患病率远高于发达城市里贝朗普雷托，而且也高于报告的患病率。低社会经济水平与两个队列中的抑郁症状相关。在欠发达城市圣路易斯，低父亲年龄是抑郁症状的危险因素，而在发达城市里贝朗普雷托，低出生体重是抑郁症状的危险因素。
