Transport Engineering Research NZ Ltd/Mackie Research and Consulting Ltd, P.O. Box 106573, Auckland 1143, New Zealand.
Accid Anal Prev. 2013 Jan;50:742-50. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2012.06.026. Epub 2012 Aug 4.
The self-explaining roads (SER) approach uses road designs that evoke correct expectations and driving behaviours from road users to create a safe and user-friendly road network. Following the implementation of an SER process and retrofitting of local and collector roads in a suburb within Auckland City, lower speeds on local roads and less variation in speed on both local and collector roads were achieved, along with a closer match between actual and perceived safe speeds. Preliminary analyses of crash data shows that the project has resulted in a 30% reduction crash numbers and an 86% reduction in crash costs per annum, since the road changes were completed. In order to further understand the outcomes from this project, a study was carried out to measure the effects of the SER intervention on the activity and behaviour of all road users. Video was collected over nine separate days, at nine different locations, both before and after SER construction. Road user behaviour categories were developed for all potential road users at different location types and then used to code the video data. Following SER construction, on local roads there was a relatively higher proportion of pedestrians, less uniformity in vehicle lane keeping and less indicating by motorists along with less through traffic, reflecting a more informal/low speed local road environment. Pedestrians were less constrained on local roads following SER construction, possibly reflecting a perceptually safer and more user-friendly environment. These behaviours were not generally evident on collector roads, a trend also shown by the previous study of speed changes. Given that one of the objectives of SER is to match road user behaviour with functionally different road categories, the road user behaviour differences demonstrated on different road types within the SER trial area provides further reinforcement of a successful SER trial.
自明道路（SER）方法利用道路设计来唤起道路使用者的正确期望和驾驶行为，从而创建一个安全且方便用户的道路网络。在奥克兰市郊区实施 SER 流程并对当地道路和集散道路进行改造后，当地道路的速度降低，当地和集散道路的速度变化减少，实际和感知到的安全速度更加匹配。对事故数据的初步分析表明，自道路改造完成以来，该项目已使事故数量减少了 30%，每年的事故成本减少了 86%。为了进一步了解该项目的结果，进行了一项研究，以衡量 SER 干预对所有道路使用者的活动和行为的影响。在 SER 建设之前和之后，在九个不同地点的九天内收集了视频。为不同类型的道路使用者在不同位置开发了道路使用者行为类别，然后使用这些类别对视频数据进行编码。在 SER 建设之后，当地道路上的行人和骑车人比例相对较高，车辆在车道内保持的一致性较低，驾车者的指示较少，而过境交通也较少，反映出当地道路环境较为非正式/低速。SER 建设后，行人在当地道路上的活动限制较少，这可能反映出感知到的更安全和更方便用户的环境。这些行为在集散道路上并不常见，这也是之前对速度变化的研究中所表现出的趋势。鉴于 SER 的目标之一是使道路使用者的行为与功能不同的道路类别相匹配，因此在 SER 试验区域内不同道路类型上表现出的道路使用者行为差异进一步证明了 SER 试验的成功。
