Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
Chem Soc Rev. 2012 Sep 7;41(17):5744-79. doi: 10.1039/c2cs35142k.
Nanoengineered glycan sensors may help realize the long-held goal of accurate and rapid glycoprotein profiling without labeling or glycan liberation steps. Current methods of profiling oligosaccharides displayed on protein surfaces, such as liquid chromatography, mass spectrometry, capillary electrophoresis, and microarray methods, are limited by sample pretreatment and quantitative accuracy. Microarrayed platforms can be improved with methods that better estimate kinetic parameters rather than simply reporting relative binding information. These quantitative glycan sensors are enabled by an emerging class of nanoengineered materials that differ in their mode of signal transduction from traditional methods. Platforms that respond to mass changes include a quartz crystal microbalance and cantilever sensors. Electronic response can be detected from electrochemical, field effect transistor, and pore impedance sensors. Optical methods include fluorescent frontal affinity chromatography, surface plasmon resonance methods, and fluorescent carbon nanotubes. After a very brief primer on glycobiology and its connection to medicine, these emerging systems are critically reviewed for their potential use as core sensors in future glycoprofiling tools.
糖基传感器的纳米工程化可能有助于实现准确、快速地对糖蛋白进行分析而无需标记或糖链释放步骤的长期目标。当前用于分析蛋白质表面上展示的寡糖的方法，如液相色谱、质谱、毛细管电泳和微阵列方法，受到样品预处理和定量准确性的限制。微阵列平台可以通过更好地估计动力学参数的方法得到改进，而不是简单地报告相对结合信息。这些定量糖基传感器是由一类新兴的纳米工程材料实现的，这些材料在信号转导方式上与传统方法不同。响应质量变化的平台包括石英晶体微天平和悬臂梁传感器。可以从电化学、场效应晶体管和孔阻抗传感器检测到电子响应。光学方法包括荧光前沿亲和色谱、表面等离子体共振方法和荧光碳纳米管。在简要介绍糖生物学及其与医学的联系之后，本文批判性地回顾了这些新兴系统在未来糖蛋白分析工具中的核心传感器中的潜在用途。
