Department of Criminology, Ashkelon Academic College, Ashkelon, Israel.
Memory. 2012;20(7):742-57. doi: 10.1080/09658211.2012.702773. Epub 2012 Aug 9.
Collective memory of the assassination of the former Israeli Prime Minister, Itzhak Rabin, was originally examined by asking 61 Israeli students, about two weeks after the assassination (T1) and about 11 months later (T2) to fill out an open-ended questionnaire about the assassination. About 13 years later (T3) a new sample of 80 students also filled out the memory questionnaire. In T2 and T3 the participants also self-assessed various emotional and cognitive variables about their memories. All answers were segmented and categorised into accurate and inaccurate memories. Data analyses showed that the amounts of accurate memories decreased from T1 to T2 by 18 per cent, and from T2 to T3 by an additional 16 per cent, and were positively correlated in T2 with national importance and emotional reaction, and in T3 with self-assessed ability to remember events and amounts of visual representations. Content analysis of the most frequently memorised accurate, inaccurate and omitted memories showed that they displayed differential qualitative characteristics and that the most prevalent accurate narrative has varied over time. It appears that the collective memories of Rabin's assassination showed episodic features similar to those shown by eyewitnesses exposed to emotion-arousing events only once. The data suggest a distinction between episodic "collective memories" and semantic "collective knowledge".
对前以色列总理伊扎克·拉宾遇刺事件的集体记忆最初是通过向 61 名以色列学生进行开放式问卷调查来检验的，调查分别在遇刺事件发生后大约两周（T1）和大约 11 个月后（T2）进行，大约 13 年后（T3），又有 80 名学生填写了记忆问卷。在 T2 和 T3，参与者还自我评估了与记忆相关的各种情绪和认知变量。所有的答案都被分割并归类为准确和不准确的记忆。数据分析显示，准确记忆的数量从 T1 到 T2 减少了 18%，从 T2 到 T3 又减少了 16%，并且在 T2 与国家重要性和情绪反应呈正相关，在 T3 与自我评估的记忆事件的能力和视觉表现的数量呈正相关。对最常被记住的准确、不准确和遗漏记忆的内容分析表明，它们显示出不同的定性特征，并且最常见的准确叙述在不同时间也有所不同。看来，拉宾遇刺的集体记忆表现出与那些仅经历过一次情绪激发事件的目击者相似的情景记忆特征。这些数据表明，存在着区别于“集体知识”的“情景记忆”。
