Huston J P, Steiner H, Weiler H T, Morgan S, Schwarting R K
Institute of Physiological Psychology I, Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf, FRG.
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1990 Winter;14(4):433-46. doi: 10.1016/s0149-7634(05)80066-1.
We have employed the unilateral removal of the vibrissae as a tool to examine ensuing behavioral changes in relation to concomitant changes in the central nervous system. In this paper we review a series of studies showing that unilateral removal of the vibrissae leads to behavioral asymmetries (e.g., in thigmotactic scanning) from which rats recover over time. Time-related to these behavioral changes we found neuronal alterations in striatal afferents, that is, in uncrossed and crossed projections from the substantia nigra and the tuberomammillary nucleus. The involvement of dopaminergic mechanisms was indicated by results showing that dopaminergic agonists can induce asymmetries in thigmotactic scanning and turning; the direction of these asymmetries was also dependent on time after vibrissae removal. Furthermore, it was shown that endogenous preferential use of one vibrissae side in thigmotactic scanning interacts with the expression of spontaneous and drug-induced behavioral asymmetries exhibited after unilateral vibrissae removal. Neurochemical studies indicated that both unilateral vibrissae removal and unilateral perioral stimulation can have lateralized effects on biogenic amines in the brain. Finally, using electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra, evidence was found for a lateralized and bidirectional interaction between basal ganglia and the orofacial systems, indicating an involvement in mechanisms of motivation and particular stimulation. These results are important from several perspectives. One, they indicate functional links between the orofacial systems and the basal ganglia. Two, they raise the possibility that unilateral removal of the vibrissae can serve as a model (a) to investigate the dynamics of recovery of function after CNS insults, in general, and specifically, (b) to study neuronal plasticity in the nigrostriatal and tuberomammillary-striatal pathways, and (c) to investigate the neuropharmacology of catecholamine systems in the brain.
我们采用单侧去除触须作为一种工具，来研究随之而来的行为变化与中枢神经系统伴随变化之间的关系。在本文中，我们回顾了一系列研究，这些研究表明单侧去除触须会导致行为不对称（例如，在趋触性扫描中），而大鼠会随着时间的推移恢复。与这些行为变化相关的时间里，我们发现纹状体传入神经元发生了改变，即来自黑质和结节乳头体核的未交叉和交叉投射。多巴胺能机制的参与通过以下结果表明：多巴胺能激动剂可诱导趋触性扫描和转向的不对称；这些不对称的方向也取决于去除触须后的时间。此外，研究表明，在趋触性扫描中内源性优先使用一侧触须与单侧去除触须后表现出的自发和药物诱导的行为不对称的表达相互作用。神经化学研究表明，单侧去除触须和单侧口周刺激均可对大脑中的生物胺产生侧化作用。最后，通过对黑质进行电刺激，发现了基底神经节与口面部系统之间存在侧化和双向相互作用的证据，表明其参与了动机和特定刺激的机制。这些结果从几个角度来看都很重要。其一，它们表明口面部系统与基底神经节之间存在功能联系。其二，它们提出了这样一种可能性，即单侧去除触须可以作为一种模型：（a）一般来说，用于研究中枢神经系统损伤后功能恢复的动态过程，具体而言，（b）用于研究黑质纹状体和结节乳头体 - 纹状体通路中的神经元可塑性，以及（c）用于研究大脑中儿茶酚胺系统的神经药理学。
