Natsoulas T
University of California, Psychology Department, Davis 95616.
Psychol Res. 1990;52(4):291-8. doi: 10.1007/BF00868060.
Although Gibson (1979) did not explicitly discuss the perspectival appearing of the ecological environment, his important ecological approach to visual perception can accommodate both (a) the stream of visual-perceptual experience that flows at the heart of the visual system's total activity of ordinary visual preceiving (ordinary seeing), and (b) the dimension of the visual experiential stream that is the ecological environment's perspectival appearing to the visual perceiver. In the present article, perspectival appearing is located at the level of brain centers of the visual system, where processes are determined by the spatiotemporally structured visual stimulus flux. And the stream of visual experience is interpreted as itself possessing a kind of perspective structure (as does the visual stimulus flux), including variant and invariant features that the visual system isolates and extracts from experience, producing the perceiver's cognitive visual "awareness-of" (Gibson, 1979) the environment and self in the environment.
尽管吉布森(1979)没有明确讨论生态环境的视角呈现,但他重要的视觉感知生态方法能够兼顾以下两点:(a)在视觉系统日常视觉感知(普通视觉)的整体活动核心中流动的视觉感知体验流;(b)视觉体验流的维度,即生态环境向视觉感知者的视角呈现。在本文中,视角呈现位于视觉系统的脑中枢层面,在这个层面上,过程由时空结构的视觉刺激流决定。视觉体验流本身被解释为具有一种视角结构(视觉刺激流也是如此),包括视觉系统从体验中分离和提取的可变和不变特征,从而产生感知者对环境以及自身在环境中的认知视觉“觉知”(吉布森,1979)。