University of Montreal The Hospital for Sick Children University of Montreal McGill University Ryerson University University of Alberta University of British Columbia.
Am J Orthopsychiatry. 2012 Jul;82(3):376-88. doi: 10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01161.x.
This article examines relationships between perceived ethnic discrimination, social exclusion, psychosocial functioning, and academic performance among newcomer immigrant children from the People's Republic of China, Hong Kong, and the Philippines using a subsample from the New Canadian Children and Youth Study of children aged 11-13 years (1,053) living in Montreal, Toronto, Vancouver, and the Prairies. Bivariate analysis showed that 25% of children reported being treated unfairly by peers and 14% by teachers because of who they are. Regression analyses revealed that perceived ethnic discrimination by peers and teachers was negatively related to children's sense of social competence in peer relationships. Children's self-esteem and sense of academic competence were negatively related to perceived discrimination by teachers. One in 5 children reported feeling like an outsider, with boys revealing higher levels of psychological isolation than girls. More than 1 in 10 were socially isolated and reported never participating in organized activities. This may reflect economic exclusion, as over one third of respondents belonged to families living below the Canadian Income Adequacy Measure. Psychological isolation, social isolation, and economic exclusion were significant predictors of children's sense of academic competence and actual academic grades. Variations exist across age, sex, ethnicity, family structure, parental education, region of settlement, and length of time since arrival in Canada.
本文利用来自“新加拿大儿童与青年研究”的子样本，研究了来自中华人民共和国、中国香港和菲律宾的新移民儿童感知到的种族歧视、社会排斥、心理社会功能与学业表现之间的关系。该研究对象为居住在蒙特利尔、多伦多、温哥华和草原地区、年龄在 11-13 岁的儿童（1053 名）。 二元分析显示，25%的儿童表示曾因自己的身份而受到同伴的不公平对待，14%的儿童表示曾受到老师的不公平对待。回归分析显示，同伴和老师感知到的种族歧视与儿童在同伴关系中的社会能力感呈负相关。儿童的自尊感和学业能力感与老师感知到的歧视呈负相关。五分之一的儿童表示感到自己是局外人，男孩比女孩表现出更高的心理孤立感。超过十分之一的儿童感到被社会排斥，并且表示从未参加过有组织的活动。这可能反映了经济排斥，因为超过三分之一的受访者来自生活在加拿大收入充足衡量标准以下的家庭。心理孤立、社会孤立和经济排斥是儿童学业能力感和实际学业成绩的重要预测因素。在年龄、性别、族裔、家庭结构、父母教育程度、定居地区和抵达加拿大后的时间长短方面存在差异。
