Department of Psychology, School of Education, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
School of Early Childhood Education, Nanjing Xiaozhuang University, Nanjing 211171, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2023 Jan 30;20(3):2433. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20032433.
Social exclusion can affect nearly every aspect of a person's mental health, both on an emotional and cognitive level. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether cool or hot inhibitory control capacity varied under social exclusion. More precisely, participants who had experienced and not experienced social exclusion were compared to explore the influence of social exclusion on cool and hot inhibitory controls. Social exclusion was induced through the use of a Cyberball game, and participants were divided into an exclusion group and an inclusion group. The number Stroop task and emotional face Stroop task were used to measure the cool and hot inhibitory control, respectively. In the cool Stroop task, participants had to refrain from reading printed digits to identify the number of items presented in the array. In the hot Stroop task, participants had to inhibit the meaning of the word to identify the emotion displayed on the face. Reaction time, accuracy, and Stroop interference were analyzed to compare the inhibitory control between the exclusion group and the inclusion group. The results showed an extension of the response time in the exclusion group compared to the inclusion group. We found a higher interference effect in the number of Stroop tasks in the exclusion group than that in the inclusion group, but it was not significant in the emotional face Stroop task. The results suggest that the cognitive and emotional basis of inhibitory control may differ during social exclusion. The present findings expand our understanding of how social exclusion affects cool and hot inhibitory controls and their internal psychological mechanism.
社会排斥会影响一个人的心理健康的几乎各个方面，包括情感和认知层面。本研究旨在探讨社会排斥是否会影响冷或热抑制控制能力。更具体地说，比较了经历过和未经历过社会排斥的参与者，以探讨社会排斥对冷和热抑制控制的影响。使用 Cyberball 游戏来诱发社会排斥，参与者被分为排斥组和包容组。采用数字斯特鲁普任务和情绪面孔斯特鲁普任务分别测量冷和热抑制控制。在冷斯特鲁普任务中，参与者必须抑制阅读印刷数字，以识别数组中呈现的项目数量。在热斯特鲁普任务中，参与者必须抑制单词的含义，以识别面部上显示的情绪。分析反应时间、准确性和斯特鲁普干扰，以比较排斥组和包容组之间的抑制控制。结果显示，排斥组的反应时间比包容组延长。我们发现排斥组在数字斯特鲁普任务中的干扰效应高于包容组，但在情绪面孔斯特鲁普任务中不显著。结果表明，在社会排斥期间，抑制控制的认知和情感基础可能不同。本研究结果扩展了我们对社会排斥如何影响冷和热抑制控制及其内部心理机制的理解。
