Vincent P. Dole Dual Diagnosis Unit, Santa Chiara University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, NPB, University of Pisa, Via Roma 67, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
J Affect Disord. 2013 Feb 15;145(1):106-10. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.07.021. Epub 2012 Aug 9.
Temperament appears to be a factor involved in professional attitudes. The most impressive findings are those on the importance of cyclothymia in art and of hyperthymia in leadership.
In this study we raise the issue of whether the relationship between hyperthymic temperament and the choice of a military career, previously reported among Italian Air Force applicants, can be extended to another military service such as the Italian Navy.
We compared temperaments between those who had applied to become a cadet officer in the Italian Air Force or in the Italian Navy, with special reference to gender differences and the ability of the two types of applicants to pass the psychiatric examination for admission that we had recently assessed in the Italian Air Force.
Hyperthymic traits were well represented in both these armed services. Navy applicants differed from air-force applicants in obtaining higher depressive, cyclothymic and irritable scores. Navy applicants who passed the psychiatric entrance examination (PEE) showed the same incidence of hyperthymic temperament as their Air Force counterparts, but higher depressive, cyclothymic and irritable scores. Considering gender, among Air Force applicants depressive traits were better represented in males; conversely, among Navy applicants they were better represented in females. If we consider gender together with PEE results, the highest hyperthymic scores were more frequently found among males who passed and females who failed to pass the PEE. On the other hand, a greater number of cyclothymic traits were found in females who passed and males who failed to pass the PEE.
It was confirmed that hyperthymic temperament represents the temperamental profile of those who aim to become a cadet officer in the Italian armed forces. This study further supports the idea that hyperthymic traits bring distinct advantages in a professional field, such as a military career, which is closely related to leadership.
气质似乎是影响职业态度的一个因素。最令人印象深刻的发现是关于环性气质在艺术中的重要性和高躁狂气质在领导中的重要性。
本研究提出了这样一个问题，即在意大利空军申请人中报告的高躁狂气质与选择军事职业之间的关系，是否可以扩展到另一个军事服务，如意大利海军。
我们比较了申请成为意大利空军或意大利海军学员军官的人的气质，特别关注性别差异和两种类型的申请人通过我们最近在意大利空军评估的入伍精神检查的能力。
这两种武装部队都有很好的高躁狂特质。与空军申请人相比，海军申请人的抑郁、环性和易怒评分更高。通过精神入学考试（PEE）的海军申请人与空军申请人具有相同的高躁狂气质发生率，但抑郁、环性和易怒评分更高。考虑到性别，在空军申请人中，抑郁特征在男性中更为突出；相反，在海军申请人中，抑郁特征在女性中更为突出。如果我们同时考虑性别和 PEE 结果，那么通过 PEE 的男性和未通过 PEE 的女性中，高躁狂评分更高。另一方面，在通过 PEE 的女性和未通过 PEE 的男性中，发现更多的环性特质。
证实了高躁狂气质代表了那些希望成为意大利武装部队学员军官的人的气质特征。这项研究进一步支持了这样一种观点，即高躁狂特质在一个专业领域，如与领导密切相关的军事职业，带来了明显的优势。
