Silver nanowire composite window layers for fully solution-deposited thin-film photovoltaic devices.

A silver nanowire-indium tin oxide nanoparticle composite and its successful application to fully solution processed CuInSe(2) solar cells as a window layer are demonstrated, effectively replacing the traditionally sputtered both intrinsic zinc oxide and indium tin oxide layers. The devices utilizing the nanocomposite window layer demonstrate photovoltaic parameters equal to or even beyond those with sputtered intrinsic zinc oxide and indium tin oxide contacts.