Department of Psychology, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 2013 Jan;104(1):148-63. doi: 10.1037/a0029680. Epub 2012 Aug 13.
Several recent studies have illustrated a general increase in self-esteem from after adolescence until midlife. However, the specific pattern and possible conditions of self-esteem development from the important transition out of high school into young adulthood are still not well understood. In a longitudinal study (Transformation of the Secondary School System and Academic Careers; TOSCA), German students were interviewed 4 times beginning with their senior high school year (at Time 1 [T1]: N = 4,532; age: M = 19.6 years, SD = 0.9; 55% female). Conditional latent change models were applied and established 3 main findings. First, self-esteem showed a gradual increase across the transition, with both the self-esteem intercept and slope indicating substantial interindividual variability in the transition to young adulthood. Second, structural (having a partnership) as well as personality (Big Five) characteristics were substantially related to self-esteem development in emerging adulthood. Third, there were gender-specific associations between self-esteem and partnership status as well as between self-esteem and neuroticism and agreeableness. Findings point to a general upward development of self-esteem yet show interdependencies with the accomplishment of age-specific challenges in the transition to young adulthood.
几项最近的研究表明，自尊感通常会在青春期后到中年期间逐渐增强。然而，从高中毕业后到年轻成人期这一重要过渡时期，自尊感发展的具体模式和可能条件仍未得到很好的理解。在一项纵向研究（中学体制转型与学业生涯；TOSCA）中，德国学生在高中最后一年接受了 4 次访谈（时间 1 [T1]：N = 4532；年龄：M = 19.6 岁，SD = 0.9；55%为女性）。研究采用了条件潜在变化模型，并得出了 3 个主要发现。首先，自尊感在整个过渡阶段逐渐增强，自尊感的截距和斜率都表明，在向年轻成人期过渡的过程中，个体之间存在很大的差异。其次，结构（有伴侣）和人格（五大）特征与成年早期的自尊感发展密切相关。第三，自尊感与伴侣状况之间以及自尊感与神经质和宜人性之间存在性别特异性关联。研究结果表明，自尊感普遍呈上升趋势，但在向年轻成人期过渡时，与完成特定年龄挑战之间存在相互依存关系。
