Department of Andrology, University College London Hospital, 250 Euston Road, London NW1 2PG, UK.
Nat Rev Urol. 2012 Sep;9(9):499-507. doi: 10.1038/nrurol.2012.150. Epub 2012 Aug 14.
Micropenis in adults is defined as a stretched length of <7.5 cm. Many aetiologies exist, including congenital and endocrinological causes as well as pathological conditions, such as penile lichen sclerosus, trauma and genital cancer. The resulting reduction in functional penile length can lead to considerable psychosexual morbidity. Furthermore, the subset of patients with micropenis who also suffer from penile dysmorphic disorder require careful and intensive psychological counselling. Corrective surgery for micropenis can be performed in patients with realistic expectations. Total phalloplasty using radial-artery-based forearm skin flaps can offer restoration of normal penile length in selected patients. More-conservative surgical techniques to improve length or girth are limited by minimal enhancement but associated with a significantly lower rate of complications and comorbidity compared to total phalloplasty. Emerging tissue engineering techniques might represent a suitable alternative to penile replacement surgery in the future.
成人小阴茎定义为伸展长度<7.5 厘米。存在许多病因，包括先天性和内分泌原因以及病理状况，如阴茎硬化性苔藓、创伤和生殖器癌。功能阴茎长度的减少会导致相当大的心理性发病率。此外，小阴茎患者中存在阴茎畸形障碍的患者需要仔细和密集的心理辅导。对于有现实期望的患者，可以进行小阴茎矫正手术。使用基于桡动脉的前臂皮瓣的全阴茎成形术可以为选定的患者恢复正常的阴茎长度。改善长度或周长的更保守的手术技术受到最小增强的限制，但与全阴茎成形术相比，并发症和合并症的发生率显著降低。新兴的组织工程技术可能是未来阴茎置换手术的一种合适替代方法。
