Institute of Medical Psychology, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Strasse 10, 60528 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2013 Jan;225(2):461-71. doi: 10.1007/s00213-012-2830-x. Epub 2012 Aug 14.
Behavioral experiments have demonstrated that the sensory modality of presentation modulates drug cue reactivity.
The present study on nicotine addiction tested whether neural responses to smoking cues are modulated by the sensory modality of stimulus presentation.
We measured brain activation using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in 15 smokers and 15 nonsmokers while they viewed images of smoking paraphernalia and control objects and while they touched the same objects without seeing them.
Haptically presented, smoking-related stimuli induced more pronounced neural cue reactivity than visual cues in the left dorsal striatum in smokers compared to nonsmokers. The severity of nicotine dependence correlated positively with the preference for haptically explored smoking cues in the left inferior parietal lobule/somatosensory cortex, right fusiform gyrus/inferior temporal cortex/cerebellum, hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus, posterior cingulate cortex, and supplementary motor area.
These observations are in line with the hypothesized role of the dorsal striatum for the expression of drug habits and the well-established concept of drug-related automatized schemata, since haptic perception is more closely linked to the corresponding object-specific action pattern than visual perception. Moreover, our findings demonstrate that with the growing severity of nicotine dependence, brain regions involved in object perception, memory, self-processing, and motor control exhibit an increasing preference for haptic over visual smoking cues. This difference was not found for control stimuli. Considering the sensory modality of the presented cues could serve to develop more reliable fMRI-specific biomarkers, more ecologically valid experimental designs, and more effective cue-exposure therapies of addiction.
行为实验已经证明，呈现的感觉模态会调节药物线索反应。
本项关于尼古丁成瘾的研究检验了吸烟线索的神经反应是否会受到刺激呈现的感觉模态的调节。
我们通过功能磁共振成像（fMRI）测量了 15 名吸烟者和 15 名非吸烟者在观看吸烟用具和对照物体图像以及触摸相同物体但不看它们时的大脑激活情况。
与非吸烟者相比，在吸烟者中，触觉呈现的与吸烟相关的刺激在左侧背侧纹状体中引起的神经线索反应比视觉线索更明显。尼古丁依赖的严重程度与对左侧顶下小叶/躯体感觉皮层、右侧梭状回/下颞叶/小脑、海马/海马旁回、后扣带回和辅助运动区触觉探索吸烟线索的偏好呈正相关。
这些观察结果与假设的背侧纹状体在药物习惯表达中的作用以及与药物相关的自动化图式的既定概念一致，因为触觉感知比视觉感知更紧密地与相应的特定物体动作模式相关。此外，我们的研究结果表明，随着尼古丁依赖程度的增加，涉及物体感知、记忆、自我处理和运动控制的大脑区域对触觉吸烟线索的偏好程度会逐渐增加。对于对照刺激，未发现这种差异。考虑到呈现线索的感觉模态，可以帮助开发更可靠的 fMRI 特异性生物标志物、更具生态有效性的实验设计和更有效的成瘾线索暴露疗法。
