Department of Psychiatry, The Ohio State University, 1670 Upham Drive, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2012 Oct;14(5):536-42. doi: 10.1007/s11920-012-0301-z.
As conventional treatments offer incomplete benefit for over 33 % of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and many refuse to try them, additional treatments are needed. One of the most promising is neurofeedback (NF, EEG biofeedback), which trains the brain with real-time video/audio information about its electrical activity measured from scalp electrodes. Since 2010, data from 8 randomized controlled studies of NF have been published with overall mean effect sizes of: 0.40 (all measures), 0.42 (ADHD measures), 0.56 (inattention), and 0.54 (hyperactivity/ impulsivity). Unfortunately, the benefit reported from randomized studies has not been observed in the few small blinded studies conducted. Main study strengths include randomization, evidence-based diagnostic assessments, multi-domain treatment outcomes, use of some type of blinding, and sham control conditions. Main study limitations include lack of large samples, abnormal EEG participant selection, double-blinding, and testing of blind validity and sham inertness. Most recently, a collaborative NF research group has been planning a definitive double-blind well-controlled trial.
由于传统治疗方法对超过 33%的注意力缺陷/多动障碍（ADHD）儿童的疗效并不完全，且许多儿童拒绝尝试这些方法，因此需要额外的治疗方法。其中最有前途的方法之一是神经反馈（NF，脑电图生物反馈），它通过来自头皮电极测量的大脑电活动的实时视频/音频信息来训练大脑。自 2010 年以来，已经发表了 8 项关于 NF 的随机对照研究的数据，总体平均效应大小为：0.40（所有指标）、0.42（ADHD 指标）、0.56（注意力不集中）和 0.54（多动/冲动）。不幸的是，在进行的少数小型盲法研究中并未观察到随机研究报告的益处。主要研究优势包括随机化、基于证据的诊断评估、多领域治疗结果、使用某种类型的盲法以及假控制条件。主要研究局限性包括缺乏大样本、异常脑电图参与者选择、双盲以及盲法有效性和假惰性测试。最近，一个 NF 研究合作小组一直在计划进行一项明确的双盲对照试验。
