Eniola-Adefeso Omolola, Heslinga Michael J, Porter Tyrone M
Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
Methodist Debakey Cardiovasc J. 2012 Jan;8(1):13-7. doi: 10.14797/mdcj-8-1-13.
Cardiovascular diseases are widely prevalent in western societies, and their associated costs number in the billions of dollars and affect millions of patients each year. Nanovectors targeted to tissues involved in cardiovascular diseases offer great opportunities to improve cardiovascular treatment through their imaging and drug delivery capabilities. Vascular-targeted imaging particles may permit the early identification of atherosclerosis, discriminate between stable and vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques, or guide surgeons as they work on fragile vasculature. Tailored therapeutic nanoparticles may provide safer, more efficient and effective intervention through localization and release of encapsulated therapeutics. Nanovector design involves numerous considerations such as fabrication material, particle size, and surface-modification with ligands for targeting and increasing blood circulation times. Complex blood rheology may affect the efficiency with which dissimilarsized particles target ligand receptors associated with disease. Additionally, the intended use of a nanovector is a critical factor in its design as some materials with poor drug-loading qualities or release kinetics may be suitable for imaging purposes only. Overall, vectors targeted to the vasculature will need to be efficient in avoiding blood clearance, honing to the target location, and binding at the desired site.
心血管疾病在西方社会广泛流行，其相关费用高达数十亿美元，每年影响数百万患者。靶向心血管疾病相关组织的纳米载体通过其成像和药物递送能力，为改善心血管治疗提供了巨大机遇。血管靶向成像颗粒可实现动脉粥样硬化的早期识别，区分稳定和易损动脉粥样硬化斑块，或在外科医生处理脆弱血管时提供引导。定制的治疗性纳米颗粒可通过封装治疗药物的定位和释放，提供更安全、高效和有效的干预。纳米载体设计涉及诸多因素，如制造材料、颗粒大小以及用靶向和延长血液循环时间的配体进行表面修饰。复杂的血液流变学可能会影响不同大小颗粒靶向与疾病相关配体受体的效率。此外，纳米载体的预期用途是其设计的关键因素，因为一些药物负载质量或释放动力学较差的材料可能仅适用于成像目的。总体而言，靶向血管系统的载体需要高效地避免血液清除、精准定位到目标位置并在期望位点结合。
