Modified reduction aortoplasty with external reinforcement of the ascending aortic aneurysm caused by giant cell arteritis treated as polymyalgia rheumatica.

A 74-year-old Japanese woman was referred to our hospital for surgical repair of an ascending aortic aneurysm and severe aortic valve regurgitation. She had received low dose steroid treatment for 6 years due to a diagnosis of the polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR), and no signs of inflammation were detected serologically. Modified reduction aortoplasty with external prosthetic support of the ascending aorta was performed following uneventful aortic valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass. The macroscopic view of the ascending aortic wall showed the diffuse spotty medial defects. The pathological interpretation of the aneurysmal wall was giant cell arteritis (GCA). Because PMR is intimately associated with GCA, physicians should be aware of the development of thoracic aortic aneurysm even in the course of PMR. Reduction aortoplasty is simple and may not be precluded from the treatment option for the aortic dilatation associated with giant cell arteritis.