Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Free University Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Center for Torture Victims, Berlin, Germany.
Eur J Psychotraumatol. 2012;3. doi: 10.3402/ejpt.v3i0.15785. Epub 2012 Apr 9.
Post-conflict reconciliation is supposed to have a positive impact on survivors of war and conflict. However, knowledge is limited as validated questionnaires to assess individual readiness to reconcile in the context of human rights violations are still missing.
This study aimed to develop and pilot-test a questionnaire to assess individual readiness to reconcile in victims of human rights violations.
The questionnaire was developed and pilot-tested in a sample of 60 adult Kurdish refugees from Turkey. In addition to the questionnaire, trauma exposure, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, perceived emotional closeness to the Kurdish people as well as the participants' ability to differentiate between perpetrators and the people in general were assessed in structured interviews, and their associations with readiness to reconcile were analyzed.
Factor and item analysis resulted in an 18-item questionnaire with three subscales (openness to interactions; absence of feelings of revenge; openness to conflict resolution). Cronbach's α for the subscales ranged from 0.74 to 0.90, explaining 61% of the total variance. The ability to differentiate between perpetrators and people in general and perceived emotional closeness were the best predictors for readiness to reconcile. The level of trauma exposure was not linked to readiness to reconcile. Although readiness to reconcile was negatively related to PTSD, depression and anxiety, none of these associations reached statistical significance.
The questionnaire appears to be a reliable measure with good psychometric properties. Further validations in different samples are needed.
冲突后和解理应对战后冲突的幸存者产生积极影响。然而，目前对于人权侵犯背景下个体和解准备情况的评估，仍然缺乏经过验证的问卷，因此相关知识十分有限。
本研究旨在开发并初步测试一种评估人权侵犯受害者和解准备情况的问卷。
该问卷在来自土耳其的 60 名成年库尔德难民样本中进行了开发和初步测试。除问卷外，在结构式访谈中还评估了创伤暴露、创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）、抑郁、焦虑、对库尔德人民的感知情感亲近程度以及参与者区分加害者和一般民众的能力，并分析了它们与和解准备情况的关联。
因子和项目分析得出了一个包含 18 个项目的三分量表问卷（互动开放性、无复仇感、开放性解决冲突）。分量表的克朗巴赫 α 值在 0.74 到 0.90 之间，解释了总方差的 61%。区分加害者和一般民众的能力以及感知情感亲近程度是和解准备情况的最佳预测指标。创伤暴露程度与和解准备情况无关。尽管和解准备情况与 PTSD、抑郁和焦虑呈负相关，但这些关联均无统计学意义。
该问卷似乎是一种具有良好心理测量特性的可靠测量工具，还需要在不同样本中进行进一步验证。
