Onishi Satoshi
Department of Pediatrics, Osaka City Sumiyoshi Hospital.
Nihon Rinsho. 2012 Aug;70(8):1366-70.
Human norovirus (NoV) is an important cause of the epidemic acute gastroenteritis in children and adults. This review mentions on the required knowledge to understand morphology, genetics, transmission, pathogenesis, and control. The development of molecular diagnostic techniques is clarified the epidemiological impact that is now recognized not only as the major cause of foodborne gastroenteritis outbreaks but also as a cause of sporadic gastroenteritis. It was recognized that the combination pattern to an intestinal epithelium of NoV was prescribed in organization, blood type antigen (histoblood group antigen: HBGA). In children, NoV has various complications especially benign convulsions associated with mild gastroenteritis and associated-encephalopathy. NoV virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine is developing as the protection against acute viral gastroenteritis with a homologous virus.
人诺如病毒（NoV）是儿童和成人流行性急性胃肠炎的重要病因。本综述提及了理解其形态、遗传学、传播、发病机制及防控所需的知识。分子诊断技术的发展阐明了其流行病学影响，诺如病毒现在不仅被认为是食源性胃肠炎暴发的主要病因，也是散发性胃肠炎的病因。人们认识到，诺如病毒与肠道上皮细胞的结合模式由组织血型抗原（血型组织抗原：HBGA）决定。在儿童中，诺如病毒有多种并发症，尤其是与轻度胃肠炎及相关脑病相关的良性惊厥。诺如病毒样颗粒（VLP）疫苗正在研发中，用于预防同源病毒引起的急性病毒性胃肠炎。
