Kanda Akio
Department of Infectious Disease, Sendai City Hospital.
Nihon Rinsho. 2012 Aug;70(8):1371-5.
Noroviruses cause epidemic and sporadic acute gastroenteritis in both children and adults. There is a wide range of genetic diversity among the noroviruses, which are subdivided into genogroups and further classified into genotypes. The onset of illness is typically abrupt and often includes vomiting and diarrhea. Fever is present in approximately half of patients. Although short duration of illness is characteristic, it can be severe and fatal among the patient with underlying illness. RT-PCR is currently the mainstay of diagnosis, but not clinical routine. Infectious dose is relatively low and secondary attack rates are high. Controlling outbreaks of norovirus are major challenges. Norovirus virus-like particle vaccine may provide protection against infection after challenge with a homologous virus.
诺如病毒可导致儿童和成人发生流行性和散发性急性胃肠炎。诺如病毒具有广泛的遗传多样性，可细分为基因组，并进一步分类为基因型。发病通常突然，常伴有呕吐和腹泻。约半数患者会出现发热。虽然疾病持续时间短是其特点，但在有基础疾病的患者中可能会很严重甚至致命。逆转录聚合酶链反应（RT-PCR）是目前诊断的主要方法，但并非临床常规方法。感染剂量相对较低，二代发病率较高。控制诺如病毒暴发是重大挑战。诺如病毒样颗粒疫苗可能在受到同源病毒攻击后提供感染防护。
