Nakamura Yuko, Sawada Mikio, Ikeguchi Kunihiko, Nakano Imaharu
Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University.
Nihon Rinsho. 2012 Aug;70(8):1381-5.
Botulism is a neuroparalytic disease caused by neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum, and classically presents as palsies of cranial nerves and acute descending flaccid paralysis. Food-borne botulism is the most common form of botulism, and caused by preformed neurotoxins produced by Clostridium botulinum. Electrophysiological studies play an important role in the early diagnosis. Confirmation of the diagnosis is based on the detection of botulinum toxins in the patient's serum or stool. In Japan, decades ago, botulism type E occurred, though only sporadically, almost every year, but in recent years, has dramatically decreased in frequency. Botulism is a curable disease when treated early and adequately. Differential diagnosis of cranial nerves and limb muscle palsies with rapid exacerbation should include food-borne botulism.
肉毒中毒是由肉毒梭菌产生的神经毒素引起的一种神经麻痹性疾病，典型表现为颅神经麻痹和急性下行性弛缓性麻痹。食源性肉毒中毒是最常见的肉毒中毒形式，由肉毒梭菌产生的预先形成的神经毒素引起。电生理研究在早期诊断中起重要作用。诊断的确立基于在患者血清或粪便中检测到肉毒毒素。在日本，几十年前，E型肉毒中毒几乎每年都会发生，尽管只是偶尔发生，但近年来，其发病频率已大幅下降。早期且充分治疗时，肉毒中毒是一种可治愈的疾病。对于迅速加重的颅神经和肢体肌肉麻痹进行鉴别诊断时应包括食源性肉毒中毒。
