Long D, Blake M, McNaughton L, Angle B
Tasmanian State Institute of Technology, Centre for Physical Education, Launceston, Australia.
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1990;61(1-2):93-9. doi: 10.1007/BF00236700.
Short-course 'sprint' triathlons have become popular in recent years, often as a precursor to the longer full-course triathlons. We undertook a study investigating the haematological and biochemical changes that occur in novice triathletes between the start and finish and after each of the three legs of a short sprint triathlon involving swimming, cycling and running. The changes that occurred in the triathlon included a significant (P less than 0.003) decrease in weight from 71.7 kg, SD 7.9 to 70.3 kg, SD 7.6. Throughout the time span of the triathlon, the white blood cell count increased significantly (P less than 0.001), as did the platelet count (P less than 0.005) and plateletcrit (P less than 0.001). There were no significant changes during the period of the race in any of the other haematological variables measured. The biochemical variables measured were glucose, triglycerides, sodium, potassium, calcium, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase. Triglyceride, calcium and potassium values did not change between the pre- and post-race samplings. All other biochemical parameters showed a significant change (P less than 0.05 or better). Changes that occurred in the haematological and biochemical parameters between stages were many and varied. There was also a significant change in plasma volume during the swimming event (P less than 0.001), but this returned to normal during the later stages of the triathlon. In conclusion the changes that occurred during the triathlon were many and were similar to those reported elsewhere in the literature for longer events.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
近年来，短程“冲刺”铁人三项赛越来越受欢迎，通常是更长距离全程铁人三项赛的前奏。我们开展了一项研究，调查新手铁人三项运动员在短程冲刺铁人三项赛（包括游泳、骑自行车和跑步）的起始和结束之间以及三个赛段各自完成后发生的血液学和生化变化。铁人三项赛期间发生的变化包括体重显著下降（P小于0.003），从71.7千克（标准差7.9）降至70.3千克（标准差7.6）。在铁人三项赛的整个时间段内，白细胞计数显著增加（P小于0.001），血小板计数（P小于0.005）和血小板压积（P小于0.001）也显著增加。在所测量的任何其他血液学变量在比赛期间均无显著变化。所测量的生化变量包括葡萄糖、甘油三酯、钠、钾、钙、乳酸脱氢酶、肌酐和天冬氨酸转氨酶。甘油三酯、钙和钾的值在赛前和赛后采样之间没有变化。所有其他生化参数均显示出显著变化（P小于0.05或更佳）。血液学和生化参数在各阶段之间发生的变化多种多样。在游泳项目期间血浆量也有显著变化（P小于0.001），但在铁人三项赛的后期恢复正常。总之，铁人三项赛期间发生的变化很多，并且与文献中其他地方报道的更长距离赛事的变化相似。（摘要截断于250字）
