Whiting P H, Maughan R J, Miller J D
Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol. 1984;52(2):183-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00433390.
The effects of a competitive marathon race on serum biochemical and haematological parameters have been evaluated. Blood samples were obtained shortly before and immediately after the race; urine samples were also obtained before and after the race. Body weight was recorded pre- and post-race. During the race subjects consumed a total of 1.41 of either water or a dilute glucose-electrolyte solution. The average weight loss of the runners was 2.09 +/- 0.77 kg (mean +/- SD), corresponding to 2.9 +/- 0.8% of body weight. Small but significant increases in both haematocrit and haemoglobin concentration occurred; plasma volume was calculated to decrease by 4.7%. Serum potassium concentration showed no change, but the response was highly variable; serum sodium concentration increased in line with the decrease in plasma volume. In the group of subjects drinking water during the race, the pre-race plasma glucose concentration was 5.3 +/- 1.2 mmol . l-1, this was unchanged after the race (5.0 +/- 1.2 mmol . l-1). A significant increase (P less than 0.01) in the plasma glucose concentration, from 5.2 +/- 0.6 to 6.0 +/- 1.5 mmol . l-1 occurred in the group of subjects drinking the glucose-electrolyte solution. Apart from this, there were no significant differences between the two groups.
评估了一场竞争性马拉松比赛对血清生化和血液学参数的影响。在比赛即将开始前和结束后立即采集血样；在比赛前后也采集尿样。记录比赛前后的体重。在比赛期间，受试者共摄入1.4升水或稀释的葡萄糖电解质溶液。跑步者的平均体重减轻为2.09±0.77千克（均值±标准差），相当于体重的2.9±0.8%。血细胞比容和血红蛋白浓度均有小幅但显著的升高；计算得出血浆量减少了4.7%。血清钾浓度无变化，但反应高度可变；血清钠浓度随血浆量的减少而升高。在比赛期间饮水的受试者组中，赛前血浆葡萄糖浓度为5.3±1.2毫摩尔·升−1，赛后无变化（5.0±1.2毫摩尔·升−1）。饮用葡萄糖电解质溶液的受试者组中，血浆葡萄糖浓度从5.2±0.6显著升高（P<0.01）至6.0±1.5毫摩尔·升−1。除此之外，两组之间无显著差异。
