IOBA (Institute of Applied Ophthalmobiology), University of Valladolid, Valladolid, Spain.
Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012 Oct;12(5):523-33. doi: 10.1097/ACI.0b013e328357b488.
To summarize recent studies in biomarkers in dry eye disease (DED) and ocular allergy in the last 18 months.
New significant correlations with clinical symptoms and signs have been described for some tear molecules (proteins, cytokines/chemokines, metalloproteinases, mucins and lipids). Correlation with disease severity has been shown for some of them. New proposed DED biomarkers include some proteins, such as S100A8, S100A9, lipocalin-1, secretory phospholipase A2 and some cytokines and chemokines; mucin-1 mRNA conjunctival expression levels are shown to be a very sensitive and specific DED diagnosis biomarker; metalloproteinase-9 tear level is confirmed as a good DED biomarker; cell parameters such as conjunctival cell viability and proliferative capacity have been also proposed as DED biomarkers. In ocular allergy, protein activated receptor-2, heat shock protein-70, eosinophil cationic protein and hemopexin have been pointed as potential biomarkers. Characterization of neuromediators tear levels confirmed the involvement of these molecules in both DED and ocular allergy.
Biomarkers are essential to monitor health status. Several studies have proposed different molecules and/or cellular parameters as potential biomarkers for DED and ocular allergy. The knowledge presented in these studies will further add support to the discovery and development of new drugs and the establishment of personalized medicine.
总结过去 18 个月来干眼症（DED）和眼过敏的生物标志物的最新研究。
一些泪液分子（蛋白质、细胞因子/趋化因子、金属蛋白酶、粘蛋白和脂质）的临床症状和体征有新的显著相关性。其中一些与疾病严重程度相关。一些新提出的 DED 生物标志物包括一些蛋白质，如 S100A8、S100A9、脂钙素-1、分泌型磷脂酶 A2 和一些细胞因子和趋化因子；结膜黏蛋白-1mRNA 表达水平被证明是一种非常敏感和特异的 DED 诊断生物标志物；金属蛋白酶-9 泪液水平被证实是一种良好的 DED 生物标志物；细胞参数如结膜细胞活力和增殖能力也被提出作为 DED 生物标志物。在眼过敏中，蛋白激活受体-2、热休克蛋白-70、嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白和血红素结合蛋白被认为是潜在的生物标志物。神经递质泪液水平的特征证实了这些分子在 DED 和眼过敏中的参与。
生物标志物对于监测健康状况至关重要。几项研究提出了不同的分子和/或细胞参数作为 DED 和眼过敏的潜在生物标志物。这些研究中的知识将进一步支持新药物的发现和开发以及个性化医疗的建立。
