Department of Anatomy and Life Structure, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Int J Sports Med. 2012 Dec;33(12):950-4. doi: 10.1055/s-0032-1311593. Epub 2012 Aug 15.
The hamstring muscles were analyzed anatomically and physiologically to clarify the specific reasons for the incidence of muscle strain of the hamstrings. For the anatomical study, hamstring muscles of 13 embalmed cadavers were dissected. For the physiological study, the knee flexor torque and surface electromyographic (EMG) signals were measured during isometric contraction of hamstring muscles in 10 healthy adults. The biceps femoris muscle long head (BF-L) and semimembranosus muscle (SM) had hemi-pennate architecture and their fiber length per total muscle length (FL/TML) was smaller than that of semtendinosus muscle (ST) and biceps femoris muscle short head (BF-S) with other architecture. The decrease of total muscle length per fiber length (ΔTML/FL) was larger in BF-L and SM than in ST and BF-S. The EMG activities at 0° of knee angle were at maximal compared with other knee angles and were of similar level in BF-L, in SM and in ST, whereas they were considerably smaller in BF-S. The EMG at 0° of knee angle activity per physiological cross-sectional area (PCSA) was about 1.6 times greater in BF-L than in SM. These results indicate the highest risk of muscle strain was in BF-L followed by SM.
为了明确腘绳肌拉伤的具体原因，我们从解剖学和生理学角度对其进行了分析。在解剖学研究中，我们对 13 具防腐尸体的腘绳肌进行了解剖。在生理学研究中，我们对 10 名健康成年人进行了等长收缩时的腘绳肌屈膝力矩和表面肌电（EMG）信号测量。股二头肌长头（BF-L）和半膜肌（SM）具有半羽状结构，其纤维长度与总肌长度（FL/TML）的比值小于具有其他结构的半腱肌（ST）和股二头肌短头（BF-S）。与 ST 和 BF-S 相比，BF-L 和 SM 的纤维长度总肌长度变化率（ΔTML/FL）更大。在 0°的膝关节角度，EMG 活动与其他膝关节角度相比达到最大值，且在 BF-L、SM 和 ST 中的水平相似，而在 BF-S 中则明显较小。在 0°的膝关节角度时，BF-L 的 EMG 活动与生理横截面积（PCSA）的比值比 SM 高约 1.6 倍。这些结果表明，腘绳肌拉伤的风险最高的是 BF-L，其次是 SM。
