Farrance Ian, Frenkel Robert
School of Medical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia.
Clin Biochem Rev. 2012 May;33(2):49-75.
The Evaluation of Measurement Data - Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (usually referred to as the GUM) provides general rules for evaluating and expressing uncertainty in measurement. When a measurand, y, is calculated from other measurements through a functional relationship, uncertainties in the input variables will propagate through the calculation to an uncertainty in the output y. The manner in which such uncertainties are propagated through a functional relationship provides much of the mathematical challenge to fully understanding the GUM.The aim of this review is to provide a general overview of the GUM and to show how the calculation of uncertainty in the measurand may be achieved through a functional relationship. That is, starting with the general equation for combining uncertainty components as outlined in the GUM, we show how this general equation can be applied to various functional relationships in order to derive a combined standard uncertainty for the output value of the particular function (the measurand). The GUM equation may be applied to any mathematical form or functional relationship (the starting point for laboratory calculations) and describes the propagation of uncertainty from the input variable(s) to the output value of the function (the end point or outcome of the laboratory calculation). A rule-based approach is suggested with a number of the more common rules tabulated for the routine calculation of measurement uncertainty.
《测量数据的评估——测量不确定度表示指南》（通常称为GUM）提供了评估和表示测量不确定度的一般规则。当被测量y通过函数关系从其他测量值计算得出时，输入变量的不确定度将通过计算传播到输出y的不确定度。这种不确定度通过函数关系传播的方式给全面理解GUM带来了很大的数学挑战。本综述的目的是对GUM进行总体概述，并展示如何通过函数关系实现被测量不确定度的计算。也就是说，从GUM中概述的组合不确定度分量的一般方程开始，我们展示如何将这个一般方程应用于各种函数关系，以便为特定函数（被测量）的输出值导出合成标准不确定度。GUM方程可应用于任何数学形式或函数关系（实验室计算的起点），并描述了不确定度从输入变量到函数输出值（实验室计算的终点或结果）的传播。建议采用基于规则的方法，并列出一些更常见的规则用于测量不确定度的常规计算。
