Kreuzer W
Environ Qual Saf. 1975;4:24-36.
Certain climatic and edaphic conformations in the Bavarian sub-alpine mountains and in the Alps favor above all the development of a land utilization system and farm structures similar to those in the northern part of Scandinavia. In 1963/64, the years of the highest environmental contamination up to the present, we established in 600 beef samples from the round or shoulder of male and female cattle (mainly Highland cattle) close connections between the 137Cs-contamination of green crop and the long lastnig yearly precipitation quantities, as well as certain relations between the 137Cs-contamination of meat and differences in the feeding and keeping of the animals. During summer-seasons (April-October), beef of cattle from pastures with heavy rainfall (Alps) was contaiminated by 137Cs up to 15 times more than that of confined animals. Hereby the rate of 137Cs-contamination in the meat of grazing cattle was nearly proportional to the quantities of precipitation. When confined cattle were fed on pastures in autumn after harvesting for 2 to 3 weeks, a quick increase of 137Cs-contamination of the meat was caused within this time up to values which in this district were otherwise only observed in grazing cattle. The lower 137Cs-content in meat of cattle housed during the summer season is due to the more varied fodder, which is at that time less contaminated than green crop. During the winter season (November to March), the highest contaminations in the meat of confined (Bohemian Forest) or grazing cattle (Alps) was measured when the animals in these districts were almost exclusively fed with fodder from the own farmground or with leafy silage. The highest contamination was almost regularly noticed in January, February and March, as generally during these months the highly contaminated first cut hay is fed. Here the meat was often even more contaminated than that of grazing cattle. After the quick decrease of 137Cs in fallout noticed in the years 1964 and 1965, in 1965/66 a dependance in the 137Cs-contamination of beef on the methods of keeping and feeding could still be observed in only the extreme cases (Alps, Bavarian- and Bohemian Forest); though in general, meat of animals from districts with heavy rainfall was slightly more contaminated than meat of animals from regions with less precipitation.
巴伐利亚亚高山地区和阿尔卑斯山的某些气候和土壤条件尤其有利于发展一种类似于斯堪的纳维亚半岛北部的土地利用系统和农场结构。在1963/64年，即截至当时环境污染最严重的年份，我们从雄性和雌性牛（主要是高地牛）的后腿或肩部采集了600份牛肉样本，发现绿色作物的铯-137污染与长期年降水量之间存在密切联系，以及肉类的铯-137污染与动物饲养方式的差异之间存在一定关系。在夏季（4月至10月），来自降雨量大的牧场（阿尔卑斯山）的牛的牛肉铯-137污染程度比圈养动物的牛肉高15倍之多。由此可见，放牧牛的肉中铯-137污染率几乎与降水量成正比。当圈养牛在秋季收割后在牧场喂养2至3周时，在此期间肉中的铯-137污染会迅速增加，达到该地区通常仅在放牧牛中才观察到的值。夏季圈养牛的肉中铯-137含量较低是由于饲料种类更多，当时这些饲料的污染程度比绿色作物低。在冬季（11月至3月），当这些地区的动物几乎完全以自家农场的饲料或青贮饲料喂养时，圈养牛（波希米亚森林地区）或放牧牛（阿尔卑斯山地区）的肉中污染程度最高。最高污染几乎经常出现在1月、2月和3月，因为通常在这些月份会喂给高度污染的头茬干草。在这里，肉的污染程度甚至常常比放牧牛的肉更高。在1964年和1965年观察到沉降物中铯-137迅速减少之后，在1965/66年，只有在极端情况下（阿尔卑斯山、巴伐利亚和波希米亚森林地区）才能观察到牛肉的铯-137污染与饲养和喂养方式之间的相关性；不过总体而言，降雨量大地区的动物的肉比降水量较少地区的动物的肉污染程度略高。
