Rhee D
Yonsei University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
Psychother Psychosom. 1990;53(1-4):21-7. doi: 10.1159/000288335.
The purpose of this paper is to clarify some existing misunderstandings in the area of psychotherapy, existential approach and the Eastern Tao (Zen Buddhism, Confucianism, Lao-tzu, Chuang-tzu) by showing the common elements between Eastern Tao and psychoanalysis, and existential thought. The author compared the goal of Tao practice, namely, Zen Buddhism, Confucianism etc. with that of Western psychoanalysis, humanistic psychology and transpersonal psychotherapy. He concludes that these goals are the same and that the names are different. He also compared the procedures and processes of psychoanalysis and Zen practice. Sudden enlightenment and gradual training in Zen practice were compared with insight and 'working through' in psychoanalysis. Zen emphasis on relationship, ego strength and interpretation was linked with similar topics in psychoanalysis. The results of Zen practice and the central features of every psychoanalytic treatment were examined and found the same, that is, the resolution of, or transcending of, love (dependence) and hate (hostility). The description of a mature analyst and that of a Boddhisattva were compared and found the same. A trace of neurotic motivation remains but they are not influenced by it in helping others. The problem of theory and reality was discussed and strong emphasis on reality was described; in other words, the goal is directed at reality and theory is only a means pointing at reality. If you see the reality, you should forget the theory.
本文旨在通过揭示东方道家思想与精神分析及存在主义思想之间的共同元素，澄清心理治疗、存在主义方法以及东方道家（禅宗佛教、儒家思想、老子、庄子）领域中现有的一些误解。作者将道家修行的目标，即禅宗佛教、儒家思想等与西方精神分析、人本主义心理学及超个人心理治疗的目标进行了比较。他得出结论，这些目标是相同的，只是名称不同。他还比较了精神分析与禅宗修行的程序和过程。将禅宗修行中的顿悟和渐修与精神分析中的洞察和“修通”进行了比较。禅宗对关系、自我力量和阐释的强调与精神分析中的类似主题相关联。对禅宗修行的结果以及每种精神分析治疗的核心特征进行了审视，发现是相同的，即解决或超越爱（依赖）与恨（敌意）。对成熟分析师的描述与菩萨的描述进行了比较，发现是相同的。仍存在一丝神经症动机，但在帮助他人时他们不受其影响。讨论了理论与现实的问题，并描述了对现实的强烈强调；换句话说，目标指向现实，理论只是指向现实的一种手段。如果你看到了现实，就应该忘掉理论。
