Klosinski G
Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Outpatient and Inpatient Department, University of Bern, Switzerland.
Psychother Psychosom. 1990;53(1-4):80-5. doi: 10.1159/000288345.
Firstly, the significance of the establishment of a positive working alliance in children and adolescents at the beginning of a potential psychotherapy is described. Secondly, questions of supervision by means of psychodramatic treatment of transitional situations are discussed. (1) Children and adolescents are mostly presented by the parents and initially have no or hardly any motivation for psychotherapy. The author therefore recommends inter alia a ten-wish phantasy game at the first encounter with the child or adolescent irrespective of the reason for presentation by the parents. The possibility of being able to express ten wishes or changes which a fairy or a magician would fulfill for the child encourages the patient to name the most diverse levels and dimensions of his/her psychological reality and to reflect it in the form of wishes. The therapist thus provides space for yearnings and compensatory 'counterworlds', frequently leading to a positive contact in a subsequent dialog about the wishes. (2) In training, the young psychotherapist is often not aware of his transference and countertransference relationship. Psychodramatic role play in a supervised colleague group or in the development of a psychodramatic 'family sculpture' may frequently clarify the situation quickly by own experience and by 'psychodramatic reflection technique'.
首先，阐述了在潜在心理治疗开始时，在儿童和青少年中建立积极工作联盟的重要性。其次，讨论了通过心理剧治疗过渡情境进行督导的问题。（1）儿童和青少年大多由父母送来，最初对心理治疗没有或几乎没有动机。因此，作者特别建议在首次接触儿童或青少年时，无论父母送来的原因是什么，都要玩一个“十个愿望”幻想游戏。能够表达仙女或魔法师会为孩子实现的十个愿望或改变，这鼓励患者说出其心理现实的最多样化层面和维度，并以愿望的形式进行反思。这样，治疗师为渴望和补偿性的“反世界”提供了空间，常常会在随后关于愿望的对话中促成积极的接触。（2）在培训中，年轻的心理治疗师常常意识不到自己的移情和反移情关系。在有督导的同事小组中进行心理剧角色扮演，或在发展心理剧“家庭雕塑”时，往往可以通过自身经历和“心理剧反思技巧”迅速澄清情况。
