Souza Camila Furtado de, Gross Jorge Luiz, Gerchman Fernando, Leitão Cristiane Bauermann
Serviço de Atenção Primária à Saúde, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brasil.
Arq Bras Endocrinol Metabol. 2012 Jul;56(5):275-84. doi: 10.1590/s0004-27302012000500001.
Type 2 diabetes mellitus accounts for 90% of diabetes cases and is associated with macro- and microvascular complications of high morbidity and mortality. Individuals with increased risk for type 2 diabetes include those with impaired fasting glucose (IFG), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and especially those with combined IFG and IGT. These individuals are part of a group known as prediabetes patients. Approximately 25% of individuals with prediabetes will develop type 2 diabetes in three to five years. Hyperglycemia, in the absence of diabetes, is also associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Studies have shown that changes in lifestyle and drug interventions are effective in delaying or preventing type 2 diabetes in patients with prediabetes. Metformin is the drug of choice when medical treatment is warranted. IGT and IFG are associated with type 2 diabetes and, despite controversy, most studies reinforce the importance of these conditions in the development of micro- and macrovascular disease. Thus, therapeutic interventions in patients with prediabetes are important in primary prevention of type 2 diabetes and its chronic complications.
2型糖尿病占糖尿病病例的90%，并与发病率和死亡率都很高的大血管和微血管并发症相关。2型糖尿病风险增加的个体包括空腹血糖受损（IFG）、糖耐量受损（IGT）者，尤其是同时存在IFG和IGT的个体。这些个体属于被称为糖尿病前期患者的群体。大约25%的糖尿病前期个体将在三到五年内发展为2型糖尿病。在没有患糖尿病的情况下，高血糖也与心血管疾病风险增加相关。研究表明，生活方式改变和药物干预对于延缓或预防糖尿病前期患者发生2型糖尿病是有效的。在需要药物治疗时，二甲双胍是首选药物。IGT和IFG与2型糖尿病相关，尽管存在争议，但大多数研究都强化了这些情况在微血管和大血管疾病发生中的重要性。因此，对糖尿病前期患者进行治疗干预对于2型糖尿病及其慢性并发症的一级预防很重要。
