Laboratório de Química e Função de Proteínas e Peptídeos, Centro de Biociências e Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.
Braz J Med Biol Res. 2012 Nov;45(11):1002-10. doi: 10.1590/s0100-879x2012007500132. Epub 2012 Aug 23.
Ricinus communis L. is of great economic importance due to the oil extracted from its seeds. Castor oil has been used for pharmaceutical and industrial applications, as a lubricant or coating agent, as a component of plastic products, as a fungicide or in the synthesis of biodiesel fuels. After oil extraction, a castor cake with a large amount of protein is obtained. However, this by-product cannot be used as animal feed due to the presence of toxic (ricin) and allergenic (2S albumin) proteins. Here, we propose two processes for detoxification and allergen inactivation of the castor cake. In addition, we establish a biological test to detect ricin and validate these detoxification processes. In this test, Vero cells were treated with ricin, and cell death was assessed by cell counting and measurement of lactate dehydrogenase activity. The limit of detection of the Vero cell assay was 10 ng/mL using a concentration of 1.6 x 10(5) cells/well. Solid-state fermentation (SSF) and treatment with calcium compounds were used as cake detoxification processes. For SSF, Aspergillus niger was grown using a castor cake as a substrate, and this cake was analyzed after 24, 48, 72, and 96 h of SSF. Ricin was eliminated after 24 h of SSF treatment. The cake was treated with 4 or 8% Ca(OH)2 or CaO, and both the toxicity and the allergenic properties were entirely abolished. A by-product free of toxicity and allergens was obtained.
蓖麻（Ricinus communis L.）因其种子中提取的油而具有重要的经济价值。蓖麻油已被用于制药和工业应用，用作润滑剂或涂层剂、塑料产品的组成部分、杀菌剂或生物柴油燃料的合成原料。在提取油之后，会得到一种含有大量蛋白质的蓖麻饼。然而，由于存在毒性（蓖麻毒素）和过敏原（2S 白蛋白）蛋白，这种副产物不能用作动物饲料。在这里，我们提出了两种对蓖麻饼进行解毒和过敏原失活的方法。此外，我们建立了一种生物检测方法来检测蓖麻毒素，并验证了这些解毒过程。在该检测中，用细胞计数和测定乳酸脱氢酶活性来评估 Vero 细胞中存在的细胞死亡情况。使用浓度为 1.6 x 10(5)个细胞/孔的 Vero 细胞检测法的检测限为 10ng/mL。固态发酵（SSF）和钙化合物处理被用作饼的解毒过程。对于 SSF，使用蓖麻饼作为底物培养黑曲霉，在 SSF 24、48、72 和 96 小时后分析该饼。SSF 处理 24 小时后可消除蓖麻毒素。用 4%或 8%的 Ca(OH)2 或 CaO 处理该饼，可完全消除毒性和过敏原性。得到了一种无毒性和过敏原性的副产物。
