Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Cogn Emot. 2013;27(3):416-29. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2012.715080. Epub 2012 Aug 24.
Reflecting on negative personal experiences has implications for mood that may vary as a function of specific domains (e.g., achievement vs. interpersonal) and cultural orientation (e.g., interdependence vs. independence). This study investigated cultural differences in the social-cognitive and affective processes undertaken as Easterners and Westerners reflected on negative interpersonal and performance experiences. One hundred Asian Americans and 92 European-American college students were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: interpersonal rejection, achievement failure, or a control condition. Results revealed that Asian Americans experienced greater distress than European Americans after self-reflecting over a failed interpersonal experience, suggesting cultural sensitivity in the relational domain. Consistent with theoretical predictions, analysis of the social cognitive and affective processes that participants engaged in during self-reflection provided some evidence that self-enhancement may buffer distress for European Americans, while emotion suppression may be adaptive for Asian Americans.
反思负面个人经历会对情绪产生影响，这种影响可能因特定领域（如成就与人际关系）和文化取向（如独立性与相互依存性）而异。本研究考察了东方人和西方人在反思负面人际关系和表现经历时所经历的社会认知和情感过程中的文化差异。100 名亚裔美国人和 92 名欧裔美国大学生被随机分配到以下三种条件之一：人际关系拒绝、成就失败或控制条件。结果表明，亚裔美国人在自我反思失败的人际关系经历后比欧裔美国人感到更大的痛苦，这表明在人际关系领域存在文化敏感性。与理论预测一致，对参与者在自我反思过程中所经历的社会认知和情感过程的分析提供了一些证据，表明自我提升可能会减轻欧裔美国人的痛苦，而情绪抑制可能对亚裔美国人是适应的。
