Bacterial Pathogenesis and Innate Immunity Laboratory, INSERM U851 "Immunity, Infection and Vaccination," Lyon, France.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2012 Feb 16;2:12. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2012.00012. eCollection 2012.
One key aspect of the virulence of Staphylococcus aureus lies in its ability to target the host cell membrane with a large number of membrane-damaging toxins and peptides. In this review, we describe the hemolysins, the bi-component leukocidins (which include the Panton Valentine leukocidin, LukAB/GH, and LukED), and the cytolytic peptides (phenol soluble modulins). While at first glance, all of these factors might appear redundant, it is now clear that some of these factors play specific roles in certain S. aureus life stages and diseases or target specific cell types or species. In this review, we present an update of the literature on toxin receptors and their cell type and species specificities. Furthermore, we review epidemiological studies and animal models illustrating the role of these membrane-damaging factors in various diseases. Finally, we emphasize the interplay of these factors with the host immune system and highlight all their non-lytic functions.
金黄色葡萄球菌的一个关键毒力特性在于其能够利用大量破坏细胞膜的毒素和肽靶向宿主细胞膜。在本综述中，我们描述了溶血素、双组分白细胞毒素（包括 Panton Valentine 白细胞毒素、LukAB/GH 和 LukED）和细胞溶解肽（酚可溶性调节素）。尽管乍一看，所有这些因素似乎都有些冗余，但现在很清楚，其中一些因素在金黄色葡萄球菌的某些生命阶段和疾病中发挥特定作用，或者靶向特定的细胞类型或物种。在本综述中，我们更新了关于毒素受体及其细胞类型和物种特异性的文献。此外，我们综述了流行病学研究和动物模型，说明了这些破坏细胞膜的因素在各种疾病中的作用。最后，我们强调了这些因素与宿主免疫系统的相互作用，并强调了它们所有的非溶细胞功能。
