Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Trends Biotechnol. 2012 Oct;30(10):538-45. doi: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2012.07.002. Epub 2012 Aug 23.
The anticipated shift of biofuel feedstocks from maize to lignocellulose presents challenges in developing effective biomass pretreatment approaches, which impacts the selection and capabilities of fuel-producing organisms. For a viable biofuel production process, the ideal fuel-producing organism must be able to efficiently convert a variety of sugars to fuels anaerobically at near-theoretical yields, resist inhibitors generated by biomass pretreatment and exhibit low product toxicity. Escherichia coli finds extensive use as a model system, but has not been widely used as an industrial host. This review highlights recent advances in metabolic engineering of biofuel-synthesis pathways in E. coli and summarizes insights gained into regulation of those pathways, and describes progress toward overcoming the challenges facing its adoption as a biofuel-production strain.
从玉米转向木质纤维素作为生物燃料原料预计会带来挑战，需要开发有效的生物质预处理方法，这会影响到产燃料生物体的选择和能力。对于可行的生物燃料生产过程，理想的产燃料生物体必须能够在近理论产率下有效地将各种糖厌氧转化为燃料，抵抗生物质预处理产生的抑制剂，并表现出低产物毒性。大肠杆菌被广泛用作模型系统，但尚未被广泛用作工业宿主。本文综述了大肠杆菌生物燃料合成途径代谢工程的最新进展，并总结了对这些途径调控的认识，描述了克服其作为生物燃料生产菌株应用所面临挑战的进展。
