在糖尿病妊娠大鼠中使用印苦楝治疗：对母体结局的负面影响。
Treatment with Azadirachta indica in diabetic pregnant rats: negative effects on maternal outcome.
机构信息
Laboratory of Experimental Research on Gynecology and Obstetrics, Postgraduation Program in Gynecology, Obstetrics and Mastology, Botucatu Medical School, Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, São Paulo State, Brazil.
出版信息
J Ethnopharmacol. 2012 Oct 11;143(3):805-11. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.07.023. Epub 2012 Aug 15.
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE
The role of Azadirachta indica (neem) against Chagas disease and its antibiotic and antidiabetic action have been demonstrated in non-pregnant animals. However, the effects of neem on lipid metabolism and oxidative stress during pregnancy remain to be investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Azadirachta indica (neem) on maternal reproductive performance and biochemical parameters in non-diabetic and streptozotocin-induced mild diabetic rats (MD).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Pregnant rats were randomly distributed into six experimental groups: ND=non-treated non-diabetic (n=13); NDOil=non-diabetic treated with 1.2 mL/day neem seed oil (n=12); NDPA=non-diabetic treated with 1.0mg/mL/day azadirachtin (n=12); D=non-treated diabetic (n=13); DOil: diabetic treated with neem seed oil (n=12), and DPA=diabetic treated with azadirachtin, n=13. Treatment with either neem oil (1.2 mL/day) or azadirachtin (1.0mg/mL/day) was orally administered throughout pregnancy. Glucose test tolerance (GTT) was performed at day 17 of pregnancy and used as an inclusion criterion. At term pregnancy, maternal reproductive outcomes, lipid profile and oxidative stress status were assessed.
RESULTS
Treatment with neem oil and azadirachtin during pregnancy (1) had no hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic effects on non-diabetic and diabetic rats, respectively; (2) affected OGTT glycemic levels in diabetic rats; (3) increased the proportion of fetuses classified as small for pregnancy age (SPA) in all groups; and (4) did not interfere with the lipid profile in non-diabetic dams. Neem oil reduced the rate of total cholesterol and NEFA in diabetic animals. Both neem oil and azadirachtin increased lipoperoxidation, characterized by increased MDA levels in non-diabetic rats.
CONCLUSION
Both neem seed oil and azadirachtin impaired intrauterine development and altered antioxidant/oxidative status during pregnancy.
民族药理学相关性
在非怀孕动物中，已证明印楝（Neem）可对抗恰加斯病及其抗生素和抗糖尿病作用。然而，印楝对怀孕期间脂质代谢和氧化应激的影响仍有待研究。本研究的目的是评估印楝（Neem）对非糖尿病和链脲佐菌素诱导的轻度糖尿病大鼠（MD）的母性生殖性能和生化参数的影响。
材料和方法
将怀孕的大鼠随机分为六组实验：ND=非治疗的非糖尿病（n=13）；NDOil=非糖尿病的，每天用 1.2 毫升印楝籽油治疗（n=12）；NDPA=非糖尿病的，每天用 1.0mg/mL 印楝素治疗（n=12）；D=非治疗的糖尿病（n=13）；DOil：用印楝籽油治疗糖尿病（n=12），DPA=用印楝素治疗糖尿病，n=13。整个孕期均通过口服给予印楝籽油（1.2 毫升/天）或印楝素（1.0mg/mL/天）治疗。在妊娠第 17 天进行葡萄糖耐量测试（GTT），并将其用作纳入标准。在妊娠末期，评估母体生殖结局，血脂谱和氧化应激状态。
结果
在怀孕期间用印楝油和印楝素治疗（1）对非糖尿病和糖尿病大鼠均无降血糖和抗高血糖作用；（2）影响糖尿病大鼠的 OGTT 血糖水平；（3）增加了所有组中小胎儿比例（SPA）；（4）在非糖尿病母体中不干扰血脂谱。印楝油降低了糖尿病动物的总胆固醇和 NEFA 率。印楝油和印楝素均增加了脂质过氧化，这表现为非糖尿病大鼠 MDA 水平升高。
结论
印楝籽油和印楝素均损害了宫内发育，并在怀孕期间改变了抗氧化/氧化状态。
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