Yarmohammadi Fatemeh, Mehri Soghra, Najafi Nahid, Salar Amoli Sanaz, Hosseinzadeh Hossein
Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
Iran J Basic Med Sci. 2021 Mar;24(3):280-292. doi: 10.22038/ijbms.2021.48965.11218.
Metabolic syndrome is a condition associated with obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and high blood pressure. Recently, the use of phytochemicals is suggested in the control and treatment of metabolic syndrome. The (neem) is an evergreen tree belonging to the family of Meliaceae. Multiple studies have been confirmed the anti-diabetic and anti-hypertension, anti-hyperlipidemia, and anti-obesity effects of neem. In this review, we reported the protective effects of neem against the complications of metabolic syndrome with a special focus on mechanisms that are involved. It has been shown that neem can control hyperglycemia and hypertension through over-expression of transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and anti-oxidant effects. Neem also reduced the glucose uptake through up-regulation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and inhibition of key intestinal enzymes such as glucosidases. Moreover, neem showed anti-hypertensive effects possibility via the block of calcium channels, up-regulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1/2 (ERK1/2) signaling pathway. Anti-oxidant effects play an important role in protective mechanisms of neem against metabolic syndrome and its complications.
代谢综合征是一种与肥胖、糖尿病、血脂异常和高血压相关的病症。最近,有人建议使用植物化学物质来控制和治疗代谢综合征。印楝是一种属于楝科的常绿树。多项研究已证实印楝具有抗糖尿病、抗高血压、抗高血脂和抗肥胖作用。在本综述中,我们报告了印楝对代谢综合征并发症的保护作用,并特别关注其中涉及的机制。研究表明,印楝可通过转录因子核因子红细胞2相关因子2(Nrf2)的过表达和抗氧化作用来控制高血糖和高血压。印楝还通过上调葡萄糖转运蛋白4(GLUT4)和抑制关键肠道酶如糖苷酶来减少葡萄糖摄取。此外,印楝可能通过阻断钙通道、上调内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)和细胞外信号调节激酶1/2(ERK1/2)信号通路来发挥抗高血压作用。抗氧化作用在印楝对代谢综合征及其并发症的保护机制中起着重要作用。
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