Lis Jolanta, Jarząb Anna, Witkowska Danuta
Instytut Immunologii i Terapii Doświadczalnej PAN im. L. Hirszfelda we Wrocławiu.
Postepy Hig Med Dosw (Online). 2012 Jul 13;66:475-91. doi: 10.5604/17322693.1003484.
There are currently more than 80 different autoimmune diseases, affecting approximately 100 million people worldwide. The etiology of most autoimmune diseases is unknown. The highest incidence of these diseases is in the developed countries and they are more common in women than in men. Among the most often listed factors responsible for the onset of autoimmunity are genetic predisposition and the phenomenon known as molecular mimicry. The latter stems from a similarity between microbial antigens and antigens present in the human body (self antigens). It is believed that such homology is responsible for the production of auto-antibodies and in consequence attack of the immune system against host tissues and organs. However, the main molecular factors responsible for these diseases in most cases remain unknown. While pathogenesis of many autoimmune diseases indicates the presence of molecular mimicry, at the same time the similarities between the own and foreign structures do not always result in autoimmunity. Therefore, prediction of such crucial homology responsible for the development of autoimmune disease is extremely difficult. In this paper we present examples of autoimmune diseases such as type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, reactive arthritis and the potential contribution of micro-organisms to the mechanism of molecular mimicry.
目前有80多种不同的自身免疫性疾病，全球约有1亿人受其影响。大多数自身免疫性疾病的病因尚不清楚。这些疾病在发达国家发病率最高，且在女性中比在男性中更常见。在最常被提及的引发自身免疫的因素中，有遗传易感性和分子模拟现象。后者源于微生物抗原与人体中存在的抗原（自身抗原）之间的相似性。据信，这种同源性导致了自身抗体的产生，进而引发免疫系统对宿主组织和器官的攻击。然而，在大多数情况下，导致这些疾病的主要分子因素仍然未知。虽然许多自身免疫性疾病的发病机制表明存在分子模拟，但同时自身结构与外来结构之间的相似性并不总是导致自身免疫。因此，预测导致自身免疫性疾病发展的这种关键同源性极其困难。在本文中，我们列举了1型糖尿病、多发性硬化症、反应性关节炎等自身免疫性疾病的例子，以及微生物对分子模拟机制的潜在作用。
