St Vincent's Hospital, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia.
Aust Dent J. 2012 Sep;57(3):256-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2012.01715.x. Epub 2012 Aug 5.
The number of people in Australia living with HIV is growing. This reflects a consistent rate of new HIV infections combined with an increased life expectancy of people with HIV. Dentists are ideally positioned to identify, manage and treat HIV-associated oral manifestations and have a responsibility to themselves and to their patients to be up-to-date with the evolving area of HIV and related issues. Those issues include medico-legal implications associated with HIV diagnosis and treatment. This article provides a review of the current clinical and medico-legal aspects of HIV in Australia. The oral manifestations of HIV can be divided into five categories: microbiological infections (fungal, bacterial and viral); oral neoplasms; neurological conditions; other oral conditions that may be associated with HIV infection; and oral conditions associated with HIV treatment. Current treatment options in the scope of general dental practice are outlined. Medico-legal issues related to the management of patients with HIV are explored, including rights of the patient regarding disclosure of HIV status; an algorithm for the management of a patient with signs or symptoms indicating possible HIV infection, including referral pathways; and an algorithm for dealing with patient management and referral issues.
澳大利亚的艾滋病毒感染者人数正在增加。这反映了新的艾滋病毒感染率持续上升，以及艾滋病毒感染者的预期寿命延长。牙医是发现、管理和治疗与艾滋病毒相关的口腔表现的理想人选，他们有责任了解艾滋病毒和相关问题这一不断发展的领域，这不仅是对自己负责，也是对他们的病人负责。这些问题包括与艾滋病毒诊断和治疗相关的医学法律影响。本文综述了澳大利亚目前艾滋病毒的临床和医学法律方面的情况。艾滋病毒的口腔表现可分为五类：微生物感染（真菌、细菌和病毒）；口腔肿瘤；神经系统疾病；可能与艾滋病毒感染相关的其他口腔状况；以及与艾滋病毒治疗相关的口腔状况。概述了普通牙科实践范围内的当前治疗选择。探讨了与艾滋病毒患者管理相关的医学法律问题，包括患者对艾滋病毒状况披露的权利；出现可能的艾滋病毒感染迹象或症状的患者管理算法，包括转诊途径；以及处理患者管理和转诊问题的算法。
