Division of Health Promotion & Behavioral Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston.
Health Psychol. 2013 Oct;32(10):1084-92. doi: 10.1037/a0029466. Epub 2012 Aug 27.
This study compares the network influences on adolescent substance use from peers who coparticipated in school-sponsored organized activities (affiliation-based peer influence) with the influence both from their "nominated" friends (i.e., the adolescent named the alter as a friend), and only "reciprocated" friends (i.e., both adolescents mutually named each other as friends). The study also attempts to parse affiliation-based peer influence into the influence of both activity members who are also friends and those who are not, to address the potential confounding of these sources of peer influence.
The study data consisted of a nationally representative sample of 12,551 adolescents in Grades 7-12 within 106 schools from the Add Health data. Ordinal logistic regression was conducted to estimate the effects of affiliation-based and friends influence on alcohol use and drinking frequency.
Peer influence via organized activities (sports or clubs) with drinkers and the influence of friends who drink had significant effects on adolescent drinking. Peer influence through club activities with drinkers had a stronger effect on any drinking behavior than through sports activities with drinkers. After decomposing peer influence through activities by friendship status, influence through sport activities had a significant effect on drinking only when coparticipant drinkers were also reciprocated friends (but not nominated friends), whereas influence through club activities had a significant effect on drinking, regardless of friendship reciprocation.
The design and implementation of school based substance use prevention and treatment programs should consider the contextual effects of school-sponsored activities.
本研究比较了同伴在参与学校赞助的有组织活动时（基于联系的同伴影响）以及在被青少年提名的朋友（即被青少年选为朋友的人）和仅互惠的朋友（即双方互相选为朋友的人）中对青少年物质使用的网络影响。该研究还试图将基于联系的同伴影响分解为既是朋友又是非朋友的活动成员的影响，以解决这些同伴影响来源的潜在混杂问题。
研究数据包括来自 Add Health 数据中 106 所学校的 12551 名 7-12 年级青少年的全国代表性样本。采用有序逻辑回归估计基于联系的同伴影响和朋友影响对饮酒和饮酒频率的影响。
与饮酒者一起参与有组织活动（运动或俱乐部）的同伴影响以及饮酒朋友的影响对青少年饮酒有显著影响。与饮酒者一起参与俱乐部活动的同伴影响对任何饮酒行为的影响都大于与饮酒者一起参与运动活动的影响。在按友谊状态分解活动中的同伴影响后，只有当共同参与者是互惠朋友（而不是提名朋友）时，运动活动中的同伴影响对饮酒才有显著影响，而俱乐部活动中的同伴影响对饮酒有显著影响，无论友谊是否互惠。
基于学校的物质使用预防和治疗计划的设计和实施应考虑学校赞助活动的环境影响。
